Major Psychologists Flashcards
Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
The founder of psychology. He focused on the study of the conscious level (or consciousness).
What was Edward Titchener’s theory?
Structuralism
What does structuralism theorize?
Complex conscious experiences are broken down into basic structures of conscious experiences
What is a complex conscious experience?
An experience or effort that can only happen because you learned how to do other things first (i.e. “running”)
What was William James’ theory?
Functionalism
What does functionalism theorize?
Behaviors and mental processes have a purpose or function
What was Sigmund Freud’s theory?
Psychoanalysis (emphasis on the unconscious level)
What does psychoanalysis theorize?
The unconscious level develops personality and behaviors
What was John Watson’s theory?
Behaviorism
What is behaviorism?
The study of observable behaviors leading to learning (“visual learning”)
What was Ivan Pavlov’s theory?
Stimuli can be associated to behaviors
What was B. F. Skinner’s theory?
The use of reinforcement - rewards and punishment (behavior modification teaching style)
What was Carl Rogers’ theory?
The Humanistic Theory
What was Abraham Maslow’s theory?
The Hierarchy of Needs
What makes up the Hierarchy of Needs?
(1) Physiological (food and water)
(2) Shelter
(3) Love & Belongingness
(4) Self-esteem
(5) Self-Actualization (the fulfilling of one’s potential)
