Emotion Flashcards
Emotions are…
Patterns of changes that include physiological arousal, subjective feelings, cognitive processes, and behavioral reactions as a response to a situation.
Physiological arousal involves…
Your brain, nervous systems, and hormones.
“When you are emotionally aroused, your body is aroused.”
Subjective feelings involve…
Elements of pleasure or displeasure, liking or disliking (i.e. emotionally-packed statements, such as, “I hate tuna fish,” said aggressively).
Cognitive processes involve…
Your memory, perceptions, expectations, and interpretations.
Perceptions are shaped by your experience; Interpretations are shaped by how you were brought up.
Behavioral reactions involve…
- Facial expressions
- Body language
- Gestures
- Tone of voice
What are the Specific Types of emotions?
- Anxiety
- Moods
Anxiety (Specific Type) is…
An emotional alarm or signal that warns us of danger (created by the sympathetic nervous system).
Moods are…
Definitive feelings that have an influence on your emotions (sometimes related to psychological disorders).
What are the other three types of emotions?
- Mixed Emotions
- Basic Emotions
- Primary Emotions
Mixed Emotions include…
- Love
- Disappointment
- Remorse
- Contempt
- Awe (Wonder, Bewilderment, Surprise, etc.)
Problem Emotions are…
Emotions that cause more difficulty than others.
What are the five problem emotions?
- Fear
- Anxiety
- Anger
- Guilt
- Love
What are the two types of Fear?
- External Fear
- Internal Fear
External Fear is…
A warning of danger (unconsciously physically displayed).
Internal Fear is…
The fear of being left out or the fear of being a failure (not always physically obvious). It impacts self-esteem, is related to Achievement Motivation, and includes FOMO.
Anxiety (Problem Emotion) is…
Fear of the unknown
OR
An unpleasant, threatening feeling that something bad is about to happen
OR
A pleasant feeling that something good is about to happen (excitement/anticipation)
Anger is…
A feeling of extreme displeasure that usually happens when there is interference with our needs and desires.
Guilt is…
Feelings directed at ourselves for something that we did or did not do. It is instinctual. Only YOU can make yourself feel guilty. Other people can do or mention things that bring up the emotion, but it is not their fault.
Love is…
The desire to see another individual become all they can be as a person, with room to breathe and grow
AND
To care about another person’s well-being as we do our own.
Love is NOT to care _______, but to care _______.
For; About (Action/Behavior vs. Feeling)
Love is a ____________ ____________, and is _____________
Learned attidude; Instinctual
What are the 5 Types of Anger?
- Hate/Hatred
- Annoyance
- Rage
- Hostility
- Resentment
Hatred is…
A very intense form of anger, which is directed at a specific person or persons.
Annoyance is…
A mild form of anger that usually happens over repetitive types of behaviors (i.e. pen clicking).
Rage is…
A very intense form of anger that will usually end in some type of physical activity (including “road rage”).
Hostility is…
A mild form of anger, which is usually unintentional (i.e. the environment of an argument you are dragged into).
Resentment is…
A chronic form of anger, which is usually over unresolved issues or unresolved anger (i.e. holding grudges).
Why must we work to resolve anger?
Anger will not go away if we ignore it, if we deny that it exists, or if we fail to resolve it.
AND
If we bury anger, an emotional crisis can occur.
What are the four potential factors of an emotional crisis (from burying anger)?
- When you underground anger, you lose self-esteem.
- When you bury anger, you have a loss of face, which can lead you to humiliation.
- When you underground anger, you can lose a valued role (i.e. your sense of self or your reputation).
- When you bury anger, you can lose a valued relationship.
What are the three characteristics of anger?
- Anger is neither right nor wrong – you have the right to get angry. It’s what we do with that anger that causes problems.
- Anger can be released in a right or wrong way.
- You are vulnerable when you are angry. We tend to act in ways or say things that are totally uncharacteristic when angry – you will be more open to doing or saying something that you don’t really mean.
When do the three characteristics of anger apply?
ALWAYS! No matter how intense our anger is or how we react to it, the three characteristics are ALWAYS important to remember.
Aggression is…
A potential byproduct of anger
AND
A behvior that is intented to hurt someone verbally or physically
AND
Both biological and learned, physical or verbal
What is the James-Lange theory of Emotion?
Bodily responses to external stimuli lead to (cause) emotional experiences (i.e. an increased heart rate makes you feel afraid, instead of a feeling of fear making your heart rate increase). Includes the emotional sequence, the steps of which can occur within seconds, but are still separate.
What is the emotional sequence?
External Stimulus > Bodily Arousal > Expressive Behaviors > Emotion
The facial feedback hypothesis says…
Facial expressions can influence a person’s emotional experiences (i.e. smiling > feeling happy), help people understand how they are feeling, aid in empathy, amplify a person’s emotional experiences, and promp other physical responses. It is an extension of the James-Lange theory.
The Cannon-Bard theory says…
Emotional experiences occur at the same time as (separate from) corresponding bodily arousal. They made this determination because they believed that physical responses to stimuli were too similar between emotions (i.e. increased heart rate for anger, love, fear, and more) to be the cause of emotional experiences. Rather than the sympathetic nervous system response alerting the brain’s cortex, the external stimulus, itself, is responsible for prompting responses from both the sympathetic nervous system and the brain’s cortex.
