Major Minerals Flashcards
What are minerals?
Inorganic elements needed in relatively small amounts
Minerals are similar to vitamins as they do not provide _____ but they work with other nutrients to enable your body to function properly
kcal
T or F
Mineral can be destroyed by heat, O2 or acid?
F
T or F
can minerals leach out of food into cooking water as they are water-soluble
T
Major vs Trace minerals
Are Major minerals required in the diet in amounts greater than 100mg/day?
Are trace minerals required in the diet in amounts greater than 100mg/day?
Yes
NO, required in amounts of 100mg/day or less
Major minerals are present in the body in amounts _______ than 0.01% of body mass
Trace minerals are present in the body in amounts of 0.01% of body mass or _______
greater
less
Minerals serve as _______ necessary for enzyme activity
cofactors
Explain the method of minerals acting as cofactors
- the mineral cofactor combines with the incomplete enzyme to from the ACTIVE ENZYME
- The active enzyme binds to the molecule involved in the chemical reaction (compounds A & B) and accelerates their transformation into the final products (A & B)
- Final products are released, while enzyme remains unchanged
What is bioavailability?
How much vitamins and minerals are absorbed. (How much of that vitamin and mineral are absorbed).
Are plant foods or animal foods more reliable sources of minerals?
animal foods
Plant foods may contain phytic acid or oxalic acid which interfere with what?
MIneral absorption
Bioavailability of minerals
What mineral has the most bioavailability
Sodium Na+
For some, absorption depends on amount of mineral consumed. For others, consumption of other minerals carrying the same charge affects absorption
For example: Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe all carry 2+ charge; high intake of
one may_________
reduce the absorption of others
Minerals: functions
Let’s start by going back to electrolytes
How are body fluids regulated?
through controlling fluid shifts in and out of cells osmosis
Sodium toxicity (hypernatremia)
Increased plasma Na+ caused by:
water loss
gain in sodium
Symptoms of hypernatremia
edema, hypertension
Sources of chloride
Most chloride is consumed in ____ or _____ _____ ______
table or sea salt
T or F
Chloride toxicity and deficiency is rare
T
Potassium is the main ______ _______
intracellular cation (+)
Potassium roles in the body
Lowers high BP
POtassium deficiency (hypokalemia)
rare
Potassium toxicity (hyperkalemia)
very rarely dietary (but can occur from supplements)
What are the bone building nutrients
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
adequate absorption of calcium depends on adequate levels of ______ ___
vitamin D
Blood levels of calcium is regulated by ____
PTH
What is more widely distributed in the diet, Ca or P
P
how much of P is typically absorbed in diet?
Most found in _____ & _____
60-70%
bones and teeth
How much of Mg is typically absorbed ?
Important for ____ _____& needed as a _________ for numerous reactions throughout the body
50%
bone health & cofactor
