Major Anatomical Regions Wk2 Flashcards
What is topological anatomy?
Conceptual approach to teaching anatomy where the body is conveniently fragmented artificially into significant chunks known as regions, parts or divisions
Why do doctors split anatomy into regions?
To examine the region and the surrounding area of body before using network approaches of interrogation
What is the order of multiples branches of anatomy?
Molecules ==> Organelles ==> Cells ==> Tissues ==> Body Organs ==> Regions ==> Human Body
What leads to pelvic/hip fractures?
Stress leads to weakening with time hence old age fractures
What is an anatomical cavity?
- Defined in the dictionary as an empty space within a solid object
- A defined space with defined boundaries, shape, contents, points of entry/exit and sometimes compartments
- Can be sites for pathologies
What is an anatomical compartment?
- A sub section within a cavity
- Have the following: defined boundaries, boundaries are defined by reflections of connective tissues, compartments tend to be independent self-sufficient units and contents
- Tend not to communicate in most cases
- Lack of communication can be source of medical problems
What is an anatomical space?
- A continuous area or expanse which is free, available or unoccupied - pathologically they can then become occupied or unoccupied
- Many sub-classes e.g. bony spaces/fossae, unoccupied domain within a compartment
What are two classes of anatomical spaces?
- True anatomical spaces - demonstrable and occur normally
- Potential spaces - do not exist normally and created as a result of pathologies creating spaces or openings that did not exist before
What is the abdominal cavity divided into?
- Intra-peritoneal (or peritoneal) zone
Further divided into greater and lesse sac - Extra-peritoneal zone (retroperitoneal zone)
How are muscles and viscera of the neck are packaged into a limited space?
- Divisible into 3 groups
- Separation is established by organisation of connective tissue places: fascial planes of the neck
- As a result the neck is an organised compartmentalisation of cylinders of tissues
What is the generic order of tissue layers?
(outside to inside)
- Skin
- Superficial fascia (binds skin to the rest of the tissues of the body)
- Deep fascia (encloses organs & divides muscles into compartments) (investing layer & intermediate layer of deep fascia)
- Muscle
- Deepest layer of deep fascia
What is the generic design of muscles of body wall?
- Muscle fibres lie in different slopes of obliquity
- Intermediate layer is reinforced with bony condensation (the ribs) to a cranio-caudal extent that varies with the species
- The outer layer of muscle passes outside the ribs
- The innermost layer of muscle passes inside the ribs
- All 3 layers of muscles are innervated segmentally by anterior primary rami
What is the order of tissue layers of the anterior abdominal wall?
- Skin (cut edge)
- Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue (Camper fascia)
- Deep membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue (Scarpa fascia)
- Investing (deep) fascia - superficial
- External oblique
- Investing (deep) fascia - intermediate
- Internal oblique
- Investing (deep) fascia - deep
- Transversus abdominis
- Endoabdominal (transversalis) fascia
- Extraperitoneal fat
- Parietal peritoneum
What is the order of tissues of intercostal muscles?
- Skin
- Superficial fascia
- Serratus anterior muscle (attached to bone)
- External intercostal muscle
- Internal intercostal muscle
- Innermost intercostal muscle
- Endothoracic fascia (under rib)
- Parietal pleura
- Pleural cavity
- Visceral pleura
- Lung
What does the collateral branches include?
- Intercostal vein
- Intercostal artery
- Intercostal nerve
