Major anatomical regions Wk2 Flashcards
What are the 4 general classes of tissues in the body?
- Epithelia
- Connective tissue
- Muscles
- Nervous system
What are the 3 way assembly of the mucosa made of?
- Epithelium e.g. cells
- Basement membrane
- Lamina Propria e.g. Connective tissue
What is the skull made of?
Cranium and mandible
What is the head region split into?
Intra-cranial and extra-cranial region
What is the cranium I divisible into?
- The calvaria: upper box-like bony construct that houses the brain and attendance anatomical structures
- Facial skeleton: lower and anterior part made up from the rest of the cranial skeleton that is not part of the calvaria
What is cranium II divisible into?
- The neurocranium: houses the brain and attendant anatomical structures
- The viscerocranium: also known as the membranous viscerocranium, also known as the facial skeleton and is made up of the rest that isn’t neurocranium
What is the neck region used for?
- Nutrition and blood supply drains between areas
- Most gas exchange in thoracic cavity below
- Anything that threatens the integrity of the neck is likely to compromise the individual
- Infections ascend or descend between head and rest of body via neck
What are facial planes?
- Organised connective tissue envelopes that compartmentalise neck e.g. trachea and oesophagus
- Prevariable compartment large muscles and vertebrae
How is the neck structured?
- Separation is established by organisation of connective tissue planes - facial planes of the neck
- So neck is a compartmentalised muscular cylinder
Why is the neck divided into connective tissue compartments?
- Organisation of natural planes of tissue packing
- Ease of movement of one plane over another during movements e.g. swallowing, breathing etc.
- These have an impact in determining the spread of bleeds and infections of this region
What is viscera?
Internal organs in main cavities of body - points of entry/exit
What is a thoracic cavity?
- Major anatomical space - often landmarks to find other important structures
What is the bony thorax?
- Rigid bony construct of the human body
- It is impressive to imagine how it evolved
- Skeleton is constructed from:
Midline bony structures: - Manubrium
- Sternum
- Xyphoid process
- The vertebral column
Joined by bilateral structures - Ribs
- Costal cartilages
What is the thoracic cavity divided into?
- 2 lateral compartments
- Separated by a midline compartment - mediastinum
What is the thoracic viscera divisible into?
- Resident thoracic viscera
- Viscera en-passant
Overview of abdominal and pelvic cavity
- There is no set boundary between compartments
- Lined by same continuous sheet of internal membranes, known as parietal peritoneum
- Communication between abdominal and pelvic cavities - conjugated abdominal pelvic region (same epithelial lining)
- Lack of a bony anterior boundary to the abdomen was probably meant to accommodate demands of the pelvic cavity
- Considered as conjugate main cavity of body
What does the superior border define?
Inferior border of the diaphragm
What does the superior anterior border define?
Anterior abdominal muscles
What does the inferior anterior border define?
Anterior border of bony pelvis
What does the superior posterior border define?
Ribs and vertebral column
What does the inferior anterior border define?
Sacrum
What does the inferior border define?
Pelvic floor & perineum
What does the super-lateral border define?
Ribs
What does the inferno-lateral border define?
Thigh
