Introduction To Radiology Wk5

Question 1

What is radiology?

Answer 1

Medical specialty with use of imaging to diagnose and treat disease - fundamental to patient care

Question 2

What is diagnostic radiology?

Answer 2

Acquisition & interpretation of medical imaging

Question 3

What is interventional radiology?

Answer 3

image guided surgery

Question 4

Which scans dont use ionise radiation?

Answer 4

• Ultrasound

- MRI

Question 5

Which scans use ionise radiation from outside patient?

Answer 5

• Radiographs (X Rays)
• Computerised tomography (CT)
• Fluoroscopy

Question 6

Which scans use ionise radiation from inside patient?

Answer 6

• Nuclear medicine

- Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Question 7

What is an X-ray?

Answer 7

• Electromagnetic radiation with wavelength between 0.01-10 nanometres
• X-rays are passed through hand onto detector plate - Bones and metal appear bright and muscle darker

Question 8

How are ultrasound waves generated?

Answer 8

By transducers - voltage is applied to crystal array and ultrasound waves are produced with the target object reflects some ultrasound waves back to crystal array
- Ultrasound uses reflected sound waves - no radiation involved

Question 9

How does an MRI work?

Answer 9

Uses superconducting magnets, radio waves and electrical field gradients to manipulate and detect changes in the nuclear spin of body’s hydrogen atoms
No ionising radiation

Question 10

What are the risks with ruptured thoracic aorta?

Answer 10

• Very high morality
• Major and complex operation with high risk of death/stroke/paralysis
• Fixed with a stent

Question 11

How does splenic artery bleeding get fixed?

Answer 11

Embryolisation coils to block the artery and stop the bleeding

Question 12

Anterior mediastinum overview

Answer 12

Borders:
- Anterior: sternum
- Posterior: middle mediastinum
Contents:
- Thymus
- Lymph nodes
- Internal thoracic vessels
- Thyroid tissue

Question 13

Middle mediastinum overview

Answer 13

Contents:

• pericardium and heart
• ascending aorta
• SVC?IVC
• brachiocephalic vessels
• pulmonary vessels
• trachea and main bronchi
• phrenic, vagus, left recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 14

Superior mediastinum overview

Answer 14

Borders:

• manubriosternal joint
• inferior edge of T4 body

Question 15

Posterior mediastinum

Answer 15

Borders:
- Anterior: middle mediastinum
- Posterior: anterior thoracic vertebral column
Contents:
- Oesophaghus
- Azygous and Hemiazygous
- Descending aorta

Question 16

What do you assess on a CXR?

Answer 16

• Heart size/cardiomegaly ?
• Mediastinal mass?
• Pulmonary plethora?
• Aortic enlargement?

Question 17

What does radiology allow for?

Answer 17

- Basis is to detect an architectural distortion, an abnormality in the normal structure
\: lung collapse/consolidation
\: lung masses
\: pneumothorax
\: mediastinal masses
\: AAA