macromolecules smart book questions Flashcards
In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is similar to that of water, which is ______.
2:1
What are some examples of disaccharides?
Sucrose , Maltose
A monosaccharide can have a carbon backbone with three to seven carbons. A monosaccharide with five carbons may also be called a
______ sugar, while a hexose sugar has ___ carbons.
pentose ; six
An example of a monosaccharide that is also a hexose is
glucose
sucrose
ribose
maltose
glucose
Which of the following are monosaccharides?
Frutose maltose galactose glucose sucrose
galactose
glucose
frutose
After we consume a meal containing glucose, the pancreas releases the hormone ____, which promotes the storage of glycogen by the liver.
insulin, which helps the body absorb glucose, when blood sugar is low, glycogen is released
The term refers to the dispersal of fats in water.
emulsification
Which organ manufactures bile?
Liver
Spleen
Gallbladder
Small intestine
Liver
What are emulsifiers?
Causes triglycerides to mix with water.
Ex: Bile
A wax is a combination of a fatty acid and another organic molecule, usually a(n)___
alcohol
Which of the following is a function of waxes?
- long-term energy storage
- short term energy storage
- prevents moisture loss from body surfaces
- maintains the integrity of the cell membrane
prevents moisture loss from body surfaces
In animals, bile is made by the liver and stored in the ___
gallbladder
How many carbon atoms make up the typical fatty acids found in cells?
16-18
Whats the difference between an unsaturated and unsaturated trans fat?
In an unsaturated trans fat (like vegetable oil) , the hydrogens will not be on the same side, the chain is straight unlike an unsaturated oil that’s bent
A diet high in saturated fats is linked to the narrowing of blood vessels that is characteristic of which disease process?
Atherosclerosis
True or false: The American Heart Association recommends replacing dietary trans fats with saturated fats.
FALSE
they recommend monounsaturated oils like olive oil
Partially hydrogenated fats that have a configuration of hydrogens around some double bonds, making the bonds difficult to break, are called ___
trans fats
Hydrogenated oils are an example of _____ fats and oils are an example of _____ fats
unsaturated trans fats ; unsaturated cis fats
if someone is trying to lower their dietary intake of trans fats, they should avoid which of the following foods?
Margarine
Shortening
Fried Foods
Different types of steroid molecules are distinguished primarily by the ____
Types of functional groups attached to the carbon rings
What are the functions of cholesterol in the body?
Precursor (helps create) for steroid hormones
Plasma membrane component
All the cholesterol the body needs is made by the ___
liver
The lipoprotein that is full of triglycerides and cholesterol is abbreviated____ , while the lipoprotein abbreviated ____ is empty and referred to as “good” cholesterol.
LDL ; HDL
Lipids that contain four fused carbon rings are the ___
Steroids
The hormone testosterone is made in the __, while the hormone estrogen is made by the___.
testes ; ovaries
Which is the correct description of the structure of a nucleic acid?
The nitrogen bases project to one side of the sugar-phosphate backbone
How is energy released from ATP?
The last phosphate group is hydrolyzed
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important carrier of energy in cells. Structurally, ATP is a modified
Nucleotide
What comes together to form ATP?
ADP + phosphate
What are the functions of proteins?
Transport molecules
Antibodies for defense
Enzymes
Support and structure
The complex protein found inside red blood cells that transports oxygen is ___
hemoglobin
c and myosin are proteins that perform what function?
cell movement
When eggs are heated (cooked), the coagulation that occurs is due to
Denaturation of albumin
The primary structure of a protein is formed by which of these?
Sequence of its amino acids
When referring to the 3-D shape of a single polypeptide chain, you are discussing what level of protein structure?
Tertiary
Researchers have shown that the cause of Alzheimer disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease may be _____
Change in protein shape
