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Microbiology > macromolecules smart book questions > Flashcards

macromolecules smart book questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is similar to that of water, which is ______.

A

2:1

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2
Q

What are some examples of disaccharides?

A

Sucrose , Maltose

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3
Q

A monosaccharide can have a carbon backbone with three to seven carbons. A monosaccharide with five carbons may also be called a
______ sugar, while a hexose sugar has ___ carbons.

A

pentose ; six

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4
Q

An example of a monosaccharide that is also a hexose is

glucose
sucrose
ribose
maltose

A

glucose

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5
Q

Which of the following are monosaccharides?

Frutose 
maltose 
galactose 
glucose 
sucrose
A

galactose
glucose
frutose

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6
Q

After we consume a meal containing glucose, the pancreas releases the hormone ____, which promotes the storage of glycogen by the liver.

A

insulin, which helps the body absorb glucose, when blood sugar is low, glycogen is released

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7
Q

The term refers to the dispersal of fats in water.

A

emulsification

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8
Q

Which organ manufactures bile?

Liver
Spleen
Gallbladder
Small intestine

A

Liver

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9
Q

What are emulsifiers?

A

Causes triglycerides to mix with water.

Ex: Bile

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10
Q

A wax is a combination of a fatty acid and another organic molecule, usually a(n)___

A

alcohol

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11
Q

Which of the following is a function of waxes?

  • long-term energy storage
  • short term energy storage
  • prevents moisture loss from body surfaces
  • maintains the integrity of the cell membrane
A

prevents moisture loss from body surfaces

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12
Q

In animals, bile is made by the liver and stored in the ___

A

gallbladder

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13
Q

How many carbon atoms make up the typical fatty acids found in cells?

A

16-18

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14
Q

Whats the difference between an unsaturated and unsaturated trans fat?

A

In an unsaturated trans fat (like vegetable oil) , the hydrogens will not be on the same side, the chain is straight unlike an unsaturated oil that’s bent

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15
Q

A diet high in saturated fats is linked to the narrowing of blood vessels that is characteristic of which disease process?

A

Atherosclerosis

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16
Q

True or false: The American Heart Association recommends replacing dietary trans fats with saturated fats.

A

FALSE

they recommend monounsaturated oils like olive oil

17
Q

Partially hydrogenated fats that have a configuration of hydrogens around some double bonds, making the bonds difficult to break, are called ___

A

trans fats

18
Q

Hydrogenated oils are an example of _____ fats and oils are an example of _____ fats

A

unsaturated trans fats ; unsaturated cis fats

19
Q

if someone is trying to lower their dietary intake of trans fats, they should avoid which of the following foods?

A

Margarine
Shortening
Fried Foods

20
Q

Different types of steroid molecules are distinguished primarily by the ____

A

Types of functional groups attached to the carbon rings

21
Q

What are the functions of cholesterol in the body?

A

Precursor (helps create) for steroid hormones

Plasma membrane component

22
Q

All the cholesterol the body needs is made by the ___

A

liver

23
Q

The lipoprotein that is full of triglycerides and cholesterol is abbreviated____ , while the lipoprotein abbreviated ____ is empty and referred to as “good” cholesterol.

A

LDL ; HDL

24
Q

Lipids that contain four fused carbon rings are the ___

A

Steroids

25
Q

The hormone testosterone is made in the __, while the hormone estrogen is made by the___.

A

testes ; ovaries

26
Q

Which is the correct description of the structure of a nucleic acid?

A

The nitrogen bases project to one side of the sugar-phosphate backbone

27
Q

How is energy released from ATP?

A

The last phosphate group is hydrolyzed

28
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important carrier of energy in cells. Structurally, ATP is a modified

A

Nucleotide

29
Q

What comes together to form ATP?

A

ADP + phosphate

30
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A

Transport molecules
Antibodies for defense
Enzymes
Support and structure

31
Q

The complex protein found inside red blood cells that transports oxygen is ___

A

hemoglobin

32
Q

c and myosin are proteins that perform what function?

A

cell movement

33
Q

When eggs are heated (cooked), the coagulation that occurs is due to

A

Denaturation of albumin

34
Q

The primary structure of a protein is formed by which of these?

A

Sequence of its amino acids

35
Q

When referring to the 3-D shape of a single polypeptide chain, you are discussing what level of protein structure?

A

Tertiary

36
Q

Researchers have shown that the cause of Alzheimer disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease may be _____

A

Change in protein shape

Microbiology (13 decks)

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