Chapter 13 Flashcards
Both T and B cells start forming in the _____ then T cells go to the ____ and then let out in circulation.
bone marrow ; thymus
What is the role of helper T cells?
To activate macrophages, assist B-cell processes, and help activate cytotoxic T-cells
What is the role of the cytotoxic cell?
Kills infected host cells and other foreign cells
Doesnt target bacteria.
What is the role of the regulatory T cell?
Controls adaptive immune response, prevents autoimmunity, can contribute to cancer proliferation.
Secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines or preventing proliferation
What is the role of Natural Killer T cells?
They dont need to recognize a specific antigen before killing a pathogen , target cancer cells. in aids NKT is abnormal which is why the virus multiply. It bind to its target then releases a lethal toxin that produces holes in the targets membrane and creates holes that causes lysis.
Whats the most prevalent antibody circling the blood?
IgG
Which antibody is the ONLY one that can cross the placenta?
IgG
Where are IgA located?
sALIVA, MUCOUS, BREASTMILK
What is the role of Gamma Delta T cells?
React in the innate and adaptive systems; responsive to lipid antigens
What is the lowest percentage of antibodies
IgE
What does IgG do?
Its produced by plasma cells and memory cells. It neutralizes toxins, makes foreign cells more susceptible to phagocytosis.
What does IgM do?
A first response to antigen. it can serve as B-cell receptor.
What does IgD do?
Triggers a molecule for B-cell activation.
A receptor on B cells.
What does IgE do?
Antibody of allergy of worm (helminth) infection. Also mediates asthma.
Walk through primary response.
When the body is first exposed to a pathogen there is a latent period.
IgM is a first response antigen so it shoots up first. Then IgG is most prevalent antibody so it finishes the race.
Walk through secondary response.
Each antibody responds sooner. Reverse.
The IgG stays high to kill it and the IgM will spike up.
What is natural active immunity?
When the persons body acts on its own to activate B and T cells and make antibodies. Lasts for a long time.
What is natural passive immunity?
When the individual receives antibodies from another human or animal ( mother to baby)
What is artificial active immunity?
Vaccinations, you get just enough for your body to create antibodies for that antigen.
What is artificial passive immunity?
Someone else made the antibody provided.
What is histocompatibility?
compatibility between the tissues of different individuals, so that one accepts a graft from the other without having an immune reaction.
Define MAC and MHC
MAC - Membrane attack Complex
MHC- Major histocompatibility complex (one set of genes that codes for human cell markers or receptors
Superantigens are ________.
bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens
What is an antitoxin?
an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin.
