M9: Cladistics Flashcards
A method of classification of animals and plants according to the proportion of measurable characteristics that they have in common.
Cladistics
Came from the word clade.
Cladistics
is a group of organisms which includes an ancestor and all of its descendant species.
clade
It uses cladogram
Cladistics
is a hypothetical representation of the phylogenetic relationship between different groups of organisms.
cladogram
It is generated by the analysis of morphological characteristics of the organisms and DNA or RNA sequencing data and computational phylogenetics.
cladogram
Steps in Constructing Cladograms
Identify the members of the __________ and the o_________ species
Identify sets of data on t_______ of a group of related species.
Note: The traits could be p__________ or g________ , or it can be both.
Decide which traits were inherited from the common __________ and which traits evolved only in a d____________ species diverging from a common ancestor.
Identify which of the traits is present in your s_________ of i________.
Steps in Constructing Cladograms
Identify the members of the ingroup and the outgroup species
Identify sets of data on traits of a group of related species.
Note: The traits could be physical or genetic, or it can be both.
Decide which traits were inherited from the common ancestor and which traits evolved only in a descendant species diverging from a common ancestor.
Identify which of the traits is present in your species of interest.
is the species of interest, the group of closely related organisms that is investigated.
Ingroup
It is the most distantly related species in the cladogram. Functions as a point of comparison
Outgroup
are traits inherited from a common ancestor.
Ancestral traits
are traits that have evolved when two groups shared a common ancestor.
Derived traits
