M7: Systematics And The Tree Of Life

Question 1

is the study of the evolutionary history of a species, it determines both the process and history of evolutionary development.

Answer 1

Phylogeny

Question 2

To do this evolutionary biology needs to reconstruct the history of life on earth.

Answer 2

Phylogeny

Question 3

To reconstruct phylogeny, scientists use s___________.

Answer 3

systematics

Question 4

is the classification of organisms, based on their evolutionary relationships.

Answer 4

Systematics

Question 5

involves grouping organisms into classifications based on how closely related they are to each other.

Answer 5

Systematics

Question 6

Its goal is to make a meaningful inventory of all organisms.

Answer 6

Systematics

Question 7

It also identifies closely related organisms, where members of the same group are closely related compared to members of another group.

Answer 7

Systematics

Question 8

With the use of this system, different species are hierarchically classified into increasingly specific groupings.

Answer 8

Systematics

Question 9

This hierarchical classification can reflect the branching patterns of the _____________ tree.

Answer 9

phylogenetic

Question 10

is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms.

Answer 10

Phylogenetic tree

Question 11

It is sometimes called the “tree of life”.

Answer 11

Phylogenetic tree

Question 12

is a diagram that illustrates evolutionary relationships among groups.

Answer 12

Cladogram

Question 13

ORGANISMS ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON…

C________ METHOD
M________ METHOD

Answer 13

CLASSICAL METHOD
MODERN METHOD

Question 14

Early scientists classify living things based on physical similarities and differences.

Answer 14

CLASSICAL METHOD

Question 15

classify organisms using data from the following sources.
1. Fossil record
2. Comparative Anatomy
3. Biogeography
4. Molecular Biology (Molecular clocks)

Answer 15

MODERN METHOD

Question 16

refers to the distribution of various species and ecosystems geographically and throughout geological time and space.

Answer 16

BIOGEOGRAPHY

Question 17

provides evidence of evolution through the comparison of similar species with minor differences that originated due to adaptations to their respective environments.

Answer 17

BIOGEOGRAPHY

Question 18

All life inherits information in the form of genetic molecules (usually DNA) from the previous generation.

Answer 18

MOLECULAR CLOCK

Question 19

s use to estimate at what time in the past, living species diverge from a common ancestor.

Answer 19

MOLECULAR CLOCK

Question 20

is a tool used to calculate the timing of evolutionary events.

Answer 20

MOLECULAR CLOCK

Question 21

More ________ changing genes are used to date more recent __________ events, and _______ evolving genes are used to map more ________ divergences

Answer 21

More rapidly changing genes are used to date more recent evolutionary events, and slower evolving genes are used to map more ancient divergences

Question 22

NOTE: the evolution of important genes occurs more ______ than that of genes with _____ vital functions.

Answer 22

NOTE: the evolution of important genes occurs more slowly than that of genes with less vital functions.

Question 23

frop the top of the molecular top to the bottom we have ________ day species to _________, respectively

Answer 23

present day species to ancestors

Question 24

It is the species of interest, the group
of closely related organisms that
is investigated.

Answer 24

ingroup

Question 25

It is the most distantly related species in
the cladogram. Functions as a point
of comparison.

Answer 25

outgroup

Question 26

It corresponds to a common ancestor
that speciated to give rise to two (or more)
daughter taxa.

Answer 26

node

Question 27

It represents the initial ancestor common
to all organisms within the cladogram.

Answer 27

root