M4: Mechanics Of Evolution Flashcards
is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
Evolution
The process of changing to suit different conditions.
Adaptation
Adjustment to environmental conditions
Adaptation
is an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in an environment
Adaptation
3 types of adaptation
Structural adaptation
Behavioral adaptation
Functional adaptation
Is a structural adaptation that enables a species to blend in with its environment
Camouflage
Resemblance of one species to another species
Mimicry
What are the 5 mechanisms of evolution
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Mutation
Artificial selection
Variation are caused by change in genes
Mutation
Is the identification of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
Artificial selection
The movement of alleles into or out of a population
Gene flow
a change in the gene pool of a small population that takes place strictly by chance.
Genetic drift
It is the process by which population of organisms with variations that help them survive in the environments live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variation
Natural selection
Who made the theory of evolution by natural selection
Charles Darwin
is the process by which population of organisms with variations that help them survive in the environments live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variation.
Natural selection
explain how populations change as their environments change.
Natural selection
A slight difference in an inherited trait of individual members of a species
Variation
Occur in the offspring as a result of sexual reproduction
Variation
What are the studies of natural selection
- Reproduction
- Variation
- Competition
- Selection
What are the elements of evolution by natural selection
Competition
Variation
Heritability
Iteration
Many more individuals are born than survive
Competition
Individuals vary in traits directly related to their ability to survive and reproduce
VARIATION
These advantageous traits are passed onto offspring
Heritability
This process is repeated generation after generation over long periods of time
ITERATION
Is the identification of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
Artificial selection
The breeding of organisms for desired characteristics is called
Selective breeding
Variation are caused by random ________ or change in genes.
Mutations
——- can lead to changes in phenotype.
Mutation
A change in the frequency of gene variants, alleles, in a population over generations.
Microevolution
Formation of new groups or species, and happens over long time periods
Macroevolution
The change in the gene pool of a small population that takes place strictly by chance.
Genetic drift
What are the two types of genetic drift
2 types
Bottleneck effect
Founder effect
A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (flooding, earthquake, etc.)
Bottleneck effect
A small group of individuals colonize a new habitat
Founder effect
The movement of alleles into or out of a population
Gene flow
Effect of _________
Population’s genetic variation increases when alleles are added to the population.
Migration
Effect of _______
Population’s genetic variation decreases when alleles leave.
Emigration
