M8: Classifying Organisms Flashcards
It is the classification based on their evolutionary relationship.
SYSTEMATICS
- It is the study of the evolutionary history of a species, it determines both the process and history of evolutionary development.
PHYLOGENETICS
- It is sometimes called the “tree of life”.
PHYLOGENETIC TREE
- is a diagram that illustrates evolutionary relationships among specific groups.
CLADOGRAM
- It is used to estimate at what time in the past, living species diverge from a common ancestor.
MOLECULAR CLOCK
Classify organisms based on similarities and differences in their phenotype.
Classical Method
Tool: Taxonomy and dichotomous Key
Classical Method
Classify organisms based on similarities and differences in their phenotype and genotype
Modern Method
Tool: Cladistics
Modern Method
linnean taxonomy classifes O__________ based on P___________ characteristics into groups called t______/t______
organisms
physical
txaon/taxa
linnean taxonomy names s_______ using a system called B_________ N________ which gives each species a s_____ n______
species
binomial nomenclature
scientific name
Linnaean taxonomy is made by C_____ L________
carlos/carl linnaeus
Analyzes how organisms should be grouped into different taxa.
LINNAEAN TAXONOMY
A system in which species that are most similar in physical structures are put together in a one group
LINNAEAN TAXONOMY
Classify known species of organisms into a hierarchical taxonomy.
LINNAEAN TAXONOMY
say the linnaean taxonomy from broad to specific
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
what are the 6 kingdoms of life
A________
P________
F______
A___________
E_______
P_______
animalia
plantae
fungi
protista
eubacteria
archaebacteria
Determine what to call/ name each taxa using a _______ _____
naming system
This system was used to eliminate confusion in discussions of organisms, evolution, and ecology.
BINOMIAL NOMECLATURE
A naming system that assigns all species a genus and species name.
BINOMIAL NOMECLATURE
Each scientific name in binomial nomenclature consists of two Latin base names, called d________ or e_______.
descriptors or epithets
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Generic epithet - first name (g_____)
Specific epithet - second name (s______)
genus
species
Rules in writing scientific names.
Must be i________ or u______.
Generic epithet first letter is always c_________.
Specific epithet first letter is always in l______-case.
When discussing many species of the same genus, the Generic epithet may be abbreviated to its first letter (capitalized).
Must be italicized or underlined.
Generic epithet first letter is always capitalized.
Specific epithet first letter is always in lower-case.
When discussing many species of the same genus, the Generic epithet may be abbreviated to its first letter (capitalized).
It is a method used to identify a species by answering a series of questions based on contrasting features (physical characteristics) that have two possible outcomes.
Dichotomous Key/ Identification key
can be in two forms:
a flowchart
a table form in a series of paired statements organized sequentially.
Dichotomous keys
Steps in Constructing Dichotomous Key
List down the c_________ features (physical characteristics)
Organize the characteristics in o_______. (g__________ to s_________ characteristics)
Divide the s___________.
List down the contrasting features (physical characteristics)
Organize the characteristics in order. (general to specific characteristics)
Divide the specimens.
