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Chemistry Year 12 > M7 Polymers > Flashcards

M7 Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

How are polymers made

A

polymerisation

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2
Q

what are the steps of polymerisation

A

Initiation
Propagation
Termination

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3
Q

what happens during initiation

A

when diomer splits into two radicals (molecules that have have unpaired electrons)

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4
Q

what happens during propagation

A

the radical monomer reacts with a monomer, creating a radical polymer, causing a chain reaction

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5
Q

what happens during termination

A

the radical polymer reacts with the a radical monomer, stopping the chain reaction

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6
Q

what types of polymers are there (2)

A
  • Addition

- Condensation

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7
Q

what are additions polymers

A

a polymer made from monomers containing a double bond

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8
Q

list examples of addition polymers (4)

A
  • (LDPE) Low Density Polyethylene
  • (HDPE) High Density Polyethylene
  • (PVC) Polyvinyl Chloride
  • polystyrene
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9
Q

what monomer is used in the polymerisation of (LDPE) Low Density Polyethylene

A

ethylene (Ethene)

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10
Q

what is the structure of (LDPE) Low Density Polyethylene (3) and draw it

A 
Has ethylene branches due to back biting
polymer chains can not stack as densely
dispersion forces between adjacent chains aren't as effective
 H  H
 ︱ ︱
(-C-C-)ₙ         
 ︱ ︱
  H  CH3
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11
Q

what properties does the structure of (LDPE) Low Density Polyethylene give (3)

A

Flexible
Soft
Low density

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12
Q

what uses does the properties of (LDPE) Low Density Polyethylene give (3)

A

Wrapping materials
Squeeze bottles
Plastic grocery bags (soft plastic)

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13
Q

what monomer is used in the polymerisation of (HDPE) High density polyethylene and draw it

A

Ethylene(ethene) ( see polymer table)

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14
Q

what is the structure of (HDPE) High density polyethylene (3)

A

Straight chains of carbon atoms
Molecules pack closely
Stronger dispersion forces between adjacent molecules

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15
Q

what properties does the structure of (HDPE) High density polyethylene give

A

High melting point
High density
Hard

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16
Q

what uses does the properties of (HDPE) High density polyethylene give(3)

A

Kitchen utensils
Building materials
Toys

17
Q

what monomer is used in the polymerisation of (PVC) Polyvinyl Chloride and draw it

A

Chloroethene ( see polymer table)

18
Q

what is the structure of (PVC) Polyvinyl Chloride (3) and draw it

A

Straight carbon chain
Has polar chlorine group.
Dipole-dipole intermolecular interactions between adjacent molecules

19
Q

what properties does the structure of (PVC) Polyvinyl Chloride give (3)

A

Water resistant
Flame/heat resistant
(Fairly useless due to chlorine atoms creating stiffness) plasticiser added to reduce intermolecular dispersion forces making it malleable, to be turned into different shapes

20
Q

what uses does the properties of (PVC) Polyvinyl Chloride give (3)

A

Sewerage pipes
Electrical insulation
Garden hoses

21
Q

What monomer is used in polystyrene and draw it

A

Ethenylbenzene ( see polymer table)

22
Q

What is the structure of polystyrene (3) and draw it

A

Straight carbon chain
Intermolecular dispersion forces
Large phenyl groups prevent close packing, and give rigidity

23
Q

What properties does the structure of polystyrene give it (4)

A 
Hard
Stiff
Expanded(Gas added):
- low density
- Good insulator
24
Q

What uses do the properties of polystyrene give it (3)

A

Tool handles
CD cases
Foam drinking cups

25
Q

what are condensation polymers

A

polymers made when monomers go through a condensation reaction , making a byproduct (commonly water)

26
Q

list examples of condensation polymers (3)

A
  • Nylon
  • Polyester
  • Polylactic Acid
27
Q

what monomers are used in the polymerisation of Nylon and draw it

A

Hexanedioic acid + 1,6 diaminohexane

( see polymer table)

28
Q

what is the structure of Nylon(3) and draw it

A
  • Alternating dicarboxylic acid and diamine in polymer
  • Amide bond very polar form powerful H bonds between adjacent molecules
  • Linear chain
29
Q

what properties does the structure of Nylon give IT (3)

A
  • crystalline structure and forms fibres
  • does not absorb water
  • Damage resistant to oil and chemicals
30
Q

what uses does the properties of Nylon give (3)

A
  • Toothbrush
  • rope
  • clothing
31
Q

what monomers are used in the polymerisation of polyester and draw it

A

benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid) + ethane-1-2-diol

32
Q

what is the structure of polyester and draw it (2)

A
  • large benzene ring gives the polymer rigidity

- 2 carbonyl group provide strong dipole dipole attraction between adjacent molecules

33
Q

what properties does the structure of polyester give (3)

A
  • extremely strong
  • resistant against chemicals, stretching,shrinking and wrinkles
  • hydrophobic (lack of polar groups on its back bone)
34
Q

what uses does the properties of polyester give (3)

A
  • clothing
  • seatbelts
  • car tyres
35
Q

what monomer is used in the polymerisation of Polylactic acid and draw it

A

lactic acid (only, natural polymer)

36
Q

what is the structure of polylactic acid and draw it(2)

A
  • non polar

- molecular chain segment difficult to rotate gives rigidity

37
Q

what properties does the structure of polylactic acid give (3)

A
  • biodegradable
  • high strength
  • high elesticity
38
Q

what uses does the properties of polylactic acid give (2)

A
  • plastic film

- biodegradable medical devices(surgical) ( screws,pins, plates)

Chemistry Year 12 (17 decks)

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