M5 - Topic 1: Static and Dynamic Equilibrium Flashcards
what is a open system
a system that allows the movement of matter and energy
what is a closed system
a system that allowed the movement of only energy
what is an isolated system
a system that does not allow the movement of matter and energy
what is static equilibrium
where there is no motion between reactants and products in a reaction
list an example of static equilibrium and explain why.
Diamond → Graphite
As both the forward and reverse reactions are both approximately zero
what is dynamic equilibrium
where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the backward reaction
How to determine if a reaction is reversible
by calculating Gibbs free energy
what is Gibbs free energy (ΔG)
The energy in a chemical reaction that can be used to do work
what is the equation for Gibbs free energy (ΔG)
ΔG = ΔH -TΔS
what is “ΔH”
Enthalpy
what is “T”
temperature (kelvin)
what is “ΔS”
entropy
what are the rules of Gibbs free energy (3)
ΔG < 0 is spontaneous
ΔG > 0 not spontaneous (reverse is spontaneous)
ΔG ≈ 0 is reversible
what is photosynthesis
a non spontaneous reaction, that uses chlorophyll to absorb light energy from the sun
what is cellular respiration
a spontaneous reaction, that is the reverse reaction of photosynthesis
