M6 Topic 3 Quantitative Analysis Flashcards
what is the acid/ base ionisation constant equation
Kₐ/Kb = reactants(ions)/products
what is the acid/ base ionisation constant equation used for
to determine the strength of an acid/base
How does the value of the acid/base ionisation constant (Kₐ/Kb) dictate the strength of an acid/base
- higher Kₐ/Kb stronger acid/base
- lower Kₐ/Kb lower acid/base
what happens when you multiply acid and base ionisation constant (Kₐ x Kb)
you get the water ionisation constant (Kw)
what are organic bases
bases that contain carbon atoms
what are indicators
substances that change colour with pH, generally weak acids or bases
what type of salt does a strong acid + strong base give
neutral salt
what type of salt does a strong acid + weak base give
acidic salt
what type of salt does a weak acid and strong base give
basic salt
what is a buffer
a solution that is added to another solution in order to maintain a constant pH when a small amount of acid or base is added
what is a buffer made out of
a mixture of either weak acid or base with its conjugate pair
what is the equivalence point
the point at which all the solution has been neutralised
how can a buffer be located on a equilibrium graph
in the middle of where the trend line plateaus
what is buffer capacity
the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume of a buffer solution before the pH changes significantly
what dictates the buffer capacity
the amount of weak acid/base and conjugate pair in the buffer mixture
