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BIO 150.01 > M2: Temperature and Water Relations > Flashcards

M2: Temperature and Water Relations Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the measure of average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance with known mass?

A

Temperature

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2
Q

What is a form of Kinetic Energy?

A

Heat Energy

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3
Q

What is the prevailing weather conditions over a long periods of time?

A

Macroclimate

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4
Q

What is the variation within a small spatiotemporal scale?

A

Microclimate

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5
Q

What are the factors of terrestrial microclimates?

A
  1. Altitude
  2. Vegetation
  3. Presence of Boulders and Burrows
  4. Ground color and aspect
  5. Sunlight
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6
Q

What are the factors of aquatic microclimate?

A
  1. Flow of Water
  2. Characteristics of Water
  3. Canopy
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7
Q

What are the specifics of water that can affect aquatic microclimate?

A
  1. Specific Heat
  2. Latent Heat of Vaporization
  3. Latent Heat of Fusion
  4. Volume of Water
  5. Surface Area of Water
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8
Q

What are the 3 situations of canopies in aquatic microclimate?

A

a. Low Canopy Density, River is Warm all day
b. Medium Canopy Density, Fluctuation of temperature based on exposure of sun
c. High Canopy Density, River is Cool all day

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9
Q

What is all organisms have as a limited set of energy supplies?

A

Energy Budget

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10
Q

What is the adaptation to a certain set of environmental condition is equal to reduced fitness in other environment?

A

Principle of Allocation

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11
Q

It is a narrow set of temperature where organisms perform best?

A

Optimum Temperature

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12
Q

It can only occur on optimum temperature?

A

Metabolism

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13
Q

What is the formula for Metabolizable Energy Intake (MEI)?

A

MEI = C - F - U
Energy consumed (C)
Energy lost to feces (F)
Energy lost to urine or uric acid (U)

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14
Q

What is the process where light energy is converted to chemical energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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15
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –Chlorophyll + Light –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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16
Q

What is the short-term physiological responses to changes in environmental condition?

A

Acclimation

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17
Q

What is the long-term phenotypic responses to environmental changes?

A

Acclimatization

18
Q

What are cold-loving microbes?

A

Psychrophilic

19
Q

What are heat-loving microbes?

A

Thermophilic

20
Q

What is the formula for thermoregulation?

A

Hs = Hm +/- Hcd +/- Hcv +/- Hr - He
Total heat stored by organism (Hs)
Heat from metabolism (Hm)
Heat from conduction (Hcd)
Heat from convection (Hcv)
Heat from radiation (Hr)
Heat lost to evaporation (He)

21
Q

What organism has a body temperature that varies with environmental temperatures?

A

Poikilotherm

22
Q

What organism has a constant body temperature maintained by metabolic energy?

A

Homeotherm

23
Q

What organism relies on external energy sources for thermoregulation?

A

Ectotherm

24
Q

What organism rely on internal energy sources for thermoregulation?

A

Endotherm

25
Q

What adaptations that desert plant did for thermoregulation?

A
  • Smaller and Higher Leaves
  • Reflective Layer
  • Leaf/Stem Orientation
26
Q

What adaptations that arctic and alpine plants for thermoregulation?

A
  • Dark Pigments
  • Low Orientation
  • Smaller surface area: Volume Ratio
27
Q

What is the aerobic red muscles as countercurrent heat exchanges?

A

RM endothermy

28
Q

What is the state of low metabolic rate and lowered body temperature?

A

Torpor

29
Q

What is the state of torpor in the winter?

A

Hibernation

30
Q

What is the state of torpor in the summer?

A

Estivation

31
Q

What is the formula for relative humidity?

A

Relative Humidity = (Water Vapor Density/Saturation of Water Vapor Density) x 100

32
Q

What is the flow along potential energy gradients (high to low)?

A

Diffusion

33
Q

What is the formula for Water Potential?

A

Water Potential = Psi(o) + Psi(p) + Psi(m)
Psi(o) - Osmotic Potential
Psi(p) - Pressure/Turgor Potential
Psi(m) - Matric Potential

34
Q

What is a organism with a lesser concentration of solute?

A

Hypo-osmotic

35
Q

What is a organism with equal amount of concentration of solute?

A

Isosmotic

36
Q

What is an organism with greater concentration of solute?

A

Hyper-osmotic

37
Q

What is the ranking of organisms living in the body of water? (hypo-osmotic to hyper-osmotic)

A

Psi (seawater) < Psi (teleost) < Psi (freshwater)

38
Q

Why does metric forces decrease water potential?

A

It’s because it allows adhesion or cohesion

39
Q

What is the exhalation of water vapor through the stomata?

A

Transpiration

40
Q

What is the process by which organisms regulate the water balance in it’s body and maintain the homeostasis of the body?

A

Osmoregulation

41
Q

What is the formula for osmoregulation?

A

Wio = Wd + Wf + Wa - We - Ws
Internal water of an organism (Wio)
Water taken from drinking (Wd)
Water taken from food (Wf)
Water absorbed from air (Wa)
Water loss from evaporation (We)
Water loss from secretion and excretion (Ws)

42
Q

What is MEI?

A

Metabolizable Energy Index

BIO 150.01 (13 decks)

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