M2 lectures Flashcards
why is intelligence important
- see who’s fit for the army
- determine if we should have universal education/do children benefit from school?
- determine who needs special ed
how was intelligence testing abused
used to require solving a jigsaw puzzle to immigrate in Ellis Island
what was the eugenics movement
sterilization/cleansing population of people with low IQ
limitations and biases of intelligence measurements
the measurements aren’t meant for kids
is intelligence affected by genes and environment?
yes, there’s a genetic predisposition that affects the environment
what is binet’s test of mental ability
binet intelligence test: screen for intelligence disorders in kids
- developmental approach: compare same aged children
- empirical approach: compaqre institutionalized vs. noninstitutionalized people
is intelligence stable? fixed?
stable but not fixed (can change with effort and early interventions)
what can IQ predict
- scholastic performance
- occupational success (better at predicting attainment and salary than performance)
what are pisa test scores for
compare US academic achievement to other countries
how can we improve academic achievement
- address parental/family stress and work environment
- parenting style
- school (not changing schools frequently)
current criticisms of US schools
- poor performance, should hold teachers accountable
- parents have different values and choose to homeschool
- teacher training should focus on quality
- emphasize individuals too much
similarities for math and english achievement gaps in US
long standing and not improving
- performance decreased during/after covid
math achievement gap in the US
bigger gap than english and the gap grows as kids age
achievement gap in english
smaller than math gap and doesn’t grow as kids age
how does the US rank in math, reading, and science
- way below average math, below top 25
- above average reading, in top 10
- above average science, in top 25
why does the US not perform well if we spend so much money on education
- spend less days in school
- school days are longer
- focus on individual and off-task activities
- longer summer vacation
- behind in early childhood education
- values education less
what is stereotype threat
if a child is aware of a negative stereotype that applies to them, they might not try as hard/have a worse performance
factors of school quality
- organization
- effective and motivated staff
- class size
- money spent (how, not how much)
results from meta analysis of math performance
no evidence of gender difference
- stereotype that men are better at math came from a bad study
- gave rise to idea that you need “raw brilliance”, innate ability to succeed
- stereotype that certain groups lack raw brilliance
- follows fixed mindset
how to measure school performance
- standardized tests: culturally biased, teachers may teach for the test, might reflect aptitude not mastery, expensive to collect data, can’t observe every class
- attendance/absentee rates: racial/ethnic bias, varies with age
- student knowledge and attitude: by continuation of education, employment status, and social function
intellectual disabilities definition
deficits in adaptive behavior and cognitive function
- signs appear early in a developmental period
causes of intellectual disabilities
- genetic conditions
- pre/perinatal events
- teratogens
- physical injury
- malnutrition
what sex is more likely to have an IDD
male
classifications of IDD severity levels
mild: equvalent of a 3-6 grader, can have a job and live independently
moderate: basic reading, writing, and safety - require some supervision
severe: unlikely reading and writing, can learn self help, require ongoing supervision
profound: require intense support and often have other medical conditions - have some verbal communication
