Chapter 11 vocab attachment to others and development of self

Question 1

acculturation

Answer 1

process of adjusting to a new culture while retaining some aspects of native culture

Question 2

attachment

Answer 2

emotional bond with a specific person that is enduring over space and time

Question 3

attachment theory

Answer 3

theory based on john bowlby’s research

children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments to caregivers to increase survival

Question 4

disorganized/disorient attachment

Answer 4

insecure attachment where there is no consistent way of coping with stress of strange situation test

behavior is confused or contradictory and they appear dazed or disoriented

Question 5

ethnic and radial identity

Answer 5

beliefs and attitudes an individual has about the ethnic or racial groups they belong to

Question 6

identity

Answer 6

description of self that’s often externally imposed

Question 7

identity achievement

Answer 7

integration of various aspects of the self into coherent whole that’s stable over time and across events

Question 8

identity diffusion

Answer 8

individual doesn’t have firm commitments regarding issues in question and not making progress toward developing any

Question 9

identity foreclosure

Answer 9

individual hasn’t engaged in any identity experimentation and has established a vocational or ideological identity based on the choices or values of others

Question 10

imaginary audience

Answer 10

belief from adolescent egocentrism that everyone is focused on them

Question 11

insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer 11

insecure attachment where child seems indifferent toward caregiver or may avoid them

equally consolable by parent or stranger

Question 12

insecure-resistant attachment

Answer 12

insecure attachment where children are clingy and don’t explore the environment

get upset when caregiver leaves in strange situation test

not easily consolable

seek comfort and resist caregiver’s efforts

Question 13

internal working model of attachment

Answer 13

child’s mental representation of self, attachment figures, and relationships as a result of their experiences with their caregivers

working model guides their interactions with other people through their future

Question 14

intersectionality

Answer 14

complex ways that a person’s multiple social identities combine with systems of inequality and discrimination related to those various identities –> produces unique effects

Question 15

moratorium

Answer 15

period where individual is exploring various occupational and ideological choices and hasn’t yet made a clear commitment to one

Question 16

parental sensitivity

Answer 16

caregiver behavior that involves expression of warmth and responsiveness to children

Question 17

personal fable

Answer 17

form of adolescent egocentrism where they believe their own thoughts and feelings are unique

Question 18

secure attachment

Answer 18

positive and trusting relationship with caregiver

upset when caregiver leaves but easily consoled when caregiver returns

use caregiver as secure base in exploration

Question 19

secure base

Answer 19

presence of trusted caregiver gives child a sense of security that allows the child to explore the environment

Question 20

self concept

Answer 20

conceptual system made of one’s thoughts and attitudes about oneself

Question 21

self esteem

Answer 21

overall subjective evaluation of own worth and feelings about that evaluation

Question 22

sexual identity

Answer 22

sense of self as a sexual being

Question 23

sexual minority youth

Answer 23

same sex attractions

Question 24

sexual orientation

Answer 24

romantic attraction toward people of the same or different sex or gender

Question 25

social comparison

Answer 25

process of comparing aspects of one’s own psychological, behavioral, or physical functioning to that of others in order to evaluate self

Question 26

strange situation

Answer 26

procedure developed by mary ainsworth to assess infants’ attachment to primary caregiver