M106 Skeletal system and joint review Flashcards
The primary organs of the skeletal system
Bones
We classify bones by their?
Shape/size
Another name for joints?
Articulation
Which body system supports, protects, aids in movement and stores?
Skeletal
Name some structures that bone protects
Spongy bone, Red and yellow blood marrow, Brain, Spinal cord
How do muscles move bones
They pull
What do bones store
Calcium, minerals, red and yellow bone marrow
This term means blood cell formation
Homeopoiseis
Where does blood cell formation take place?
Red bone marrow
Soft connective tissue inside the hard walls of some bones
Red bone marrow
List the 5 types of bones
Long, short (cube), flat, irregular, and sesamoid
2 examples of long bones
Femur and ulna
Example of short bones
Carpals
Example of flat bones
Ribs
Example of irregular bones
Scapula, vertebrae
Example of a sesamoid bone
Patella
An example of a bone encapsulated within a tendon
Patella
The shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
The hollow area inside the shaft of a long bone
Medullary marrow cavity
This contains the yellow bone marrow
Medullary marrow cavity
The ends of long bones
Epiphysis
Red bone marrow is found in this part of long bone
Spongy bone
Spongy bone is found where?
Epiphysis
The thin layer of cartilage that covers epiphyses
Articular
The purpose of articular cartilage
To cushion and protect joints
The strong fibrous membrane covering long bones (except at joint surfaces)
Periosteum
The type of cartilage that covers joint surface
Articular
The fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
The major types of connective tissue in the skeletal system
Bones& cartilage
Names for the outer layer of bone
Dense/ compact
The porous bone at the end of long bones
Spongey bone
The needlelike threads of spongy bones that surrounds a network of spaces
Traburculae
The intracellular substance of a tissue
Matrix
Numerous structural units that’re how the bone matrix is organized
Osteons
The ring of calcified matrix surrounding the haversian canal
Concentric Lamaelle
The pathway in bone that contains a blood vessel
Central canal
Bone cells
Osteocytes
These are found between the hard layers of lamellae
Osteocytes
Spaces where osteocytes are found
Lacunae
Nutrients pass from the blood vessel in the haversian canal to the osetocytes through the
Caniculae
Cartilage cells
Chondrocytes
No blood vessels are found in this material
Cartilage
Bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
Bone resorbing cells
Osteoclasts
The process of bone formation
Endochondral Ossification
The cartilage between the epiphyses and diaphysis that allows bone growth
Epiphyseal Plate
When there is no longer bone growth, what remains where there was once cartilage
Epiphyseal line
This bone pathology occurs in elder white females
Osteoporosis
The division of the skeleton that includes the clavicles and scapula
Appendicular
The division that contains the head and trunk
Axial
The only point in the upper skeleton where the axial and appendicular skeletons articulate
Sternoclavicular joint
How many cranial bones
8
How many facial bones
14
The number of bones in the inner ears
3 in each ear
The spaces or cavities inside some cranial bones
Sinuses
4 pairs of these are found in the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
Sinuses
4 pairs of these are found in the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
Paranasal
Inflammation of the frontal sinus
Frontal sinusitis
The name for immovable joints
Sutures
The immovable joint between the parietal and occipital bone
Lambdodial suture
The suture between the parietal temporal and a part of the sphenoid bones
Squamous suture
The suture between the parietal and frontal bone
Coronal suture
The six soft spots on a baby skull where ossification is incomplete
Fontanels
Ossification of the bones in the school is complete by age?
Two
The hole in the center of a vertebrae
Vertebral foramen
How many curves are in your spine?
4
The types of curves in your spine (except for in newborns)
Concave and convex
The cervical and lumbar curves are
Concave
The thoracic and sacral curves are
Convex
What type of rib attaches directly to the sternum via costal cartilage
True rib
Which pairs of ribs attach to the last true rib
8th,9th&10
Ribs that dont directly attach to the sternum are called
False ribs
What do we call the two ribs that lack cartilage
Floating ribs
The second longest bone in the body
Tibia
The large bony process of the ulna
Olecrannon
The endangerment site on the sternum
Xiphoid process
Number of carpals in the body
16
Number of metacarpals
10
Number of bones that make the phalanges of both hands
28
Total number of bones in both hands
54
Another name for the hip/pelvic bones
Coxal
The longest bone in the body
Femur
The hip socket made up of the illium, ischium, and pubis
Acetabulum
The shinbone
Tibia
The knee cap
Patella
The heel bone and largest tarsal
Calcaneus
Which gender had less than a 90 degree angle in the pelvic girdle
Male
The only bone that doesn’t connect w/ another bone
Hyoid :)
Name the three types of joints
Synarthrotic, Amphithrotic, and diathrotic
The type of joint in which fibrous connective tissue grows between articulating bones holding them close together
Synarthrotic
An example of the least moveable joint
Sutures between cranial bones
The type of joint in which cartilage connects articulating bones
Amphiathrotic joints
An example of a slightly moveable joint
Pubic symphisis
The most moveable type of joint
Diathrotic
These all have a joint capsule, joint cavity& a layer of cartilage over the end of two joining bones
Diathrotic joints
The strongest& toughest material of the body that makes up joint capsules
Fibrous connective tissue
These grow out of the periosteum and lash two bones together
Ligaments
This lays over the joint ends of bones and absorbs jolts
Articular cartilage
This secretes a lubricating fluid that allows easier movement easier movement w/ less friction at the joint
Synovial membrane
Ball&socket, hinge, pivot ect are examples of which kind of joint?
Diathrotic
This diathrotic joint has the widest ROM
Ball and socket
Type of joint allows movement in only 2 directions
Hinge
This type of joint allows the head to move (atlas and axis)
Pivot joint
The type of diathrotic joint that allows great mobility
Saddle
This type of diathrotic joint allows for the least amount of movement
Gliding
This type of diathrotic joint requires a condyle
Condyloid joint
Example of ball&socket
Shoulder/hip
Example of hinge
Elbow/ knee
Example of a pivot joint
Atlas/axis
The only saddle joint in humans
Thumb
Example of a gliding joint
Vertebrae
Example of conyloid joints
Radius/ carpals
Strongest bone in the body
Femur
Hardest bone in the body
Jawbone
Largest and strongest of the tarsals
Calcaneus
