M106 Skeletal system and joint review Flashcards
1
Q
The primary organs of the skeletal system
A
Bones
2
Q
We classify bones by their?
A
Shape/size
3
Q
Another name for joints?
A
Articulation
4
Q
Which body system supports, protects, aids in movement and stores?
A
Skeletal
5
Q
Name some structures that bone protects
A
Spongy bone, Red and yellow blood marrow, Brain, Spinal cord
6
Q
How do muscles move bones
A
They pull
7
Q
What do bones store
A
Calcium, minerals, red and yellow bone marrow
8
Q
This term means blood cell formation
A
Homeopoiseis
9
Q
Where does blood cell formation take place?
A
Red bone marrow
10
Q
Soft connective tissue inside the hard walls of some bones
A
Red bone marrow
11
Q
List the 5 types of bones
A
Long, short (cube), flat, irregular, and sesamoid
12
Q
2 examples of long bones
A
Femur and ulna
13
Q
Example of short bones
A
Carpals
14
Q
Example of flat bones
A
Ribs
15
Q
Example of irregular bones
A
Scapula, vertebrae
16
Q
Example of a sesamoid bone
A
Patella
17
Q
An example of a bone encapsulated within a tendon
A
Patella
18
Q
The shaft of a long bone
A
Diaphysis
19
Q
The hollow area inside the shaft of a long bone
A
Medullary marrow cavity
20
Q
This contains the yellow bone marrow
A
Medullary marrow cavity
21
Q
The ends of long bones
A
Epiphysis
22
Q
Red bone marrow is found in this part of long bone
A
Spongy bone
23
Q
Spongy bone is found where?
A
Epiphysis
24
Q
The thin layer of cartilage that covers epiphyses
A
Articular
25
The purpose of articular cartilage
To cushion and protect joints
26
The strong fibrous membrane covering long bones (except at joint surfaces)
Periosteum
27
The type of cartilage that covers joint surface
Articular
28
The fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity
Endosteum
29
The major types of connective tissue in the skeletal system
Bones& cartilage
30
Names for the outer layer of bone
Dense/ compact
31
The porous bone at the end of long bones
Spongey bone
32
The needlelike threads of spongy bones that surrounds a network of spaces
Traburculae
33
The intracellular substance of a tissue
Matrix
34
Numerous structural units that're how the bone matrix is organized
Osteons
35
The ring of calcified matrix surrounding the haversian canal
Concentric Lamaelle
36
The pathway in bone that contains a blood vessel
Central canal
37
Bone cells
Osteocytes
38
These are found between the hard layers of lamellae
Osteocytes
39
Spaces where osteocytes are found
Lacunae
40
Nutrients pass from the blood vessel in the haversian canal to the osetocytes through the
Caniculae
41
Cartilage cells
Chondrocytes
42
No blood vessels are found in this material
Cartilage
43
Bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
44
Bone resorbing cells
Osteoclasts
45
The process of bone formation
Endochondral Ossification
46
The cartilage between the epiphyses and diaphysis that allows bone growth
Epiphyseal Plate
47
When there is no longer bone growth, what remains where there was once cartilage
Epiphyseal line
48
This bone pathology occurs in elder white females
Osteoporosis
49
The division of the skeleton that includes the clavicles and scapula
Appendicular
50
The division that contains the head and trunk
Axial
51
The only point in the upper skeleton where the axial and appendicular skeletons articulate
Sternoclavicular joint
52
How many cranial bones
8
53
How many facial bones
14
54
The number of bones in the inner ears
3 in each ear
55
The spaces or cavities inside some cranial bones
Sinuses
56
4 pairs of these are found in the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
Sinuses
56
4 pairs of these are found in the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid bones
Paranasal
57
Inflammation of the frontal sinus
Frontal sinusitis
58
The name for immovable joints
Sutures
59
The immovable joint between the parietal and occipital bone
Lambdodial suture
60
The suture between the parietal temporal and a part of the sphenoid bones
Squamous suture
61
The suture between the parietal and frontal bone
Coronal suture
62
The six soft spots on a baby skull where ossification is incomplete
Fontanels
63
Ossification of the bones in the school is complete by age?
Two
64
The hole in the center of a vertebrae
Vertebral foramen
65
How many curves are in your spine?
4
66
The types of curves in your spine (except for in newborns)
Concave and convex
67
The cervical and lumbar curves are
Concave
68
The thoracic and sacral curves are
Convex
69
What type of rib attaches directly to the sternum via costal cartilage
True rib
70
Which pairs of ribs attach to the last true rib
8th,9th&10
71
Ribs that dont directly attach to the sternum are called
False ribs
72
What do we call the two ribs that lack cartilage
Floating ribs
73
The second longest bone in the body
Tibia
74
The large bony process of the ulna
Olecrannon
75
The endangerment site on the sternum
Xiphoid process
76
Number of carpals in the body
16
77
Number of metacarpals
10
78
Number of bones that make the phalanges of both hands
28
79
Total number of bones in both hands
54
80
Another name for the hip/pelvic bones
Coxal
81
The longest bone in the body
Femur
82
The hip socket made up of the illium, ischium, and pubis
Acetabulum
83
The shinbone
Tibia
84
The knee cap
Patella
85
The heel bone and largest tarsal
Calcaneus
86
Which gender had less than a 90 degree angle in the pelvic girdle
Male
87
The only bone that doesn't connect w/ another bone
Hyoid :)
88
Name the three types of joints
Synarthrotic, Amphithrotic, and diathrotic
89
The type of joint in which fibrous connective tissue grows between articulating bones holding them close together
Synarthrotic
90
An example of the least moveable joint
Sutures between cranial bones
91
The type of joint in which cartilage connects articulating bones
Amphiathrotic joints
92
An example of a slightly moveable joint
Pubic symphisis
93
The most moveable type of joint
Diathrotic
94
These all have a joint capsule, joint cavity& a layer of cartilage over the end of two joining bones
Diathrotic joints
95
The strongest& toughest material of the body that makes up joint capsules
Fibrous connective tissue
96
These grow out of the periosteum and lash two bones together
Ligaments
97
This lays over the joint ends of bones and absorbs jolts
Articular cartilage
98
This secretes a lubricating fluid that allows easier movement easier movement w/ less friction at the joint
Synovial membrane
99
Ball&socket, hinge, pivot ect are examples of which kind of joint?
Diathrotic
100
This diathrotic joint has the widest ROM
Ball and socket
101
Type of joint allows movement in only 2 directions
Hinge
102
This type of joint allows the head to move (atlas and axis)
Pivot joint
103
The type of diathrotic joint that allows great mobility
Saddle
104
This type of diathrotic joint allows for the least amount of movement
Gliding
105
This type of diathrotic joint requires a condyle
Condyloid joint
106
Example of ball&socket
Shoulder/hip
107
Example of hinge
Elbow/ knee
108
Example of a pivot joint
Atlas/axis
109
The only saddle joint in humans
Thumb
110
Example of a gliding joint
Vertebrae
111
Example of conyloid joints
Radius/ carpals
112
Strongest bone in the body
Femur
113
Hardest bone in the body
Jawbone
114
Largest and strongest of the tarsals
Calcaneus
