M106 Pathologies Flashcards by Mallory Draa

Chronic, systemic inflammatory condition leading to calcification and fusion of spinal joints
* a progressive autoimmune inflammatory arthritis*

Ankylosing Spondylitis
( Rheumatoid Spondylitis)

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Group* of genetic disorders that atrophy skeletal muscles
Muscle is replaced by fat and other connective tissues till the muscle is useless
Duchenne MD is the most common form

Muscular Dystrophy

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Inflammation of the tendons synovial sheath

Tenosynovitis

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Inflammation of muscle (myotis) due to microbes or an autoimmune disease

Muscle infection

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Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of connective tissue. Causes blood vessel inflammation, organ dysfunction and arthritis

Lupus Erythematosus

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A hole through which trapped contents escape
* epigastric, inguinal, etc*

Hernia

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Symptoms of diffuse chronic pain and fatigue
“11 tender points”

Fibromyalgia

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Persistent/ intermittent muscle contractions causes abnormal, often repetitive movements or postures

Dystonia

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Spasmodic, involuntary, sustained muscle contraction

Cramp

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Chronically shortened muscle tissue, resistant to passive stretching (wry neck)

Contracture

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Associated w/ cycle off ischemia- necrosis leading to continued contractions that cause more ischemia
trigger points are common

Chronic myofascial pain

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Associated w/ fibromyalgia; generalized fatigue

Chronic Fatigue syndrome

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Soft tissue ailments typically associated w/ getting rear ended

CAD aka whiplash

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Abnormal joining together by collagen or 2 structures

Adhesion

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Autoimmune chronic diseases cause muscle weakness that begins in muscle region and spreads to skeletal muscles
death comes from respiratory failure

Myasthenia Gravis

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Most common type of muscle dysfunction
longer cramp

Spasm

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Injury to muscle or tendon, goes by 3 degrees

Strain

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Inflammation of the tendon

Tendonitis

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Degenerative condition of a tendon that doesn’t involve inflammation
* Degeneration of collagen fibers in a tendon*

Tendinosis

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Bone was twisted apart

Spiral fracture

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Micro fractures growing to a breaking point (fatigue fracture)

Stress fracture

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Forms a right angle w/ the axis of a bone

Transverse fracture

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Splinters on one side and bends on another
Typically found in children

Greenstick fracture

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Bone is wedged into bone

Impacted fracture

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Diagonally fractured

Oblique fracture

Fractured due to preexisting pathology

Pathologic fracture

Fracture w/ dislocation

Fracture dislocation

Fracture between epiphysis and diaphysis can cause stunted growth in that limb

Epiphyseal fracture

When bone is compressed to a breaking point

Compression fracture

Bone shatter/ is crushed into many pieces

Comminuted Fracture

Injury caused by falling with an out stretched hand

Collies fracture

Bone breaks through skin

Open/ compound fracture

The bone doesnt cause an open wound

Closed/ simple fracture

Cracks in bone

Incomplete fracture

The bone is entirely Separated

Complete fracture

Crackling, grinding noise during joint movement

Crepitus

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NSAIDS

Teeth grinding

Bruxism

Collection of symptoms in the head and jaw (TMJ)

Temporalmandibular joint syndrome

Partial Dislocation

Subluxation

Tears of Joints and Ligaments Goes by grades

Sprain

Osteoarthritis of the spine

Spondylosis

Forward displacement of one vertebral body of another (slipping)

Spondylolisthesis

Lateral curvature/ deviation of the spine *congenital or idiopathic *

Scoliosis

Auto immune arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Inflammation of the plantar fascia heel spurs

Plantar Fasciitis

Flat feet

Pes Planus

Caved feet/ High arches

Pes cavus

Chronic* bone disorder where healthy bone is reabsorbed and replaced w/ connective tissue that never calcified. Often Asystematic AKA Osteitis Deformans

Pagets disease

Loss of bone/ porous bones

Osteoporosis

Infection of bone and marrow leading to inflammation, necrosis& destruction of bone

OsteoMyeLitis

Softening of bone and loss of mass Rare in the US (rickets)

Osteomalacia

A genetic defect in the development of all connective tissues *Thin delicate curved bones

Osteogenisis Imperfecta

Ischemic necrosis of tibial tuberosity leading to pain and swelling *Ages 10-15*

Osgood-Schlatter disease OSD

Most common arthritic Disease

Osteoarthritis

Tumor Osteoma=Begnign Osteosarcoma = Malignant Multiple Myeloma = Malignent

Neoplasm (new growth)

Growth of a bony depsosit *muscle inflammation w/ ossification*

Myositis Ossificans

Abnormal Concavity in the lumbar spine Swayback

Lordosis

Aseptic, ischemic necrosis of the head of the femur Ages 5-10 mainly boys

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Arthritis; Bulls eye rash

Lymes disease

Abnormal convexity in the thoracic spine aka humpback

Kyphosis

Nucleus Pulpous protrudes through annulus fibrosis into extradural space (L-5,C-6,C-7

Herniated Disk

Lateral deviation of the big toe (bunions)

Hallux Vagus

Form of arthritis (beer and steak)

Gout

Cystic swelling of tendon sheath+ joint capsules filled w viscous fluid

Ganglion Cysts

Breaks or ruptures in bone

fractures

Idiopathic progressive shrinking and thickening of palmar fascia that limits movement of fingers. Can be tied to alcoholism, think ring and middle finger

Dupuytrens contracutre

Displacement of bone from a joint

Luxation

Droopy eyelids

Ptosis

Muscle inflammation

Myotis

Muscular disorders

Myopathies

Muscle pain

Myalgia

Enlargement or the breadth of a muscle sheath due to repetitive forceful muscle activity. Increase in size not in number

Hypertrophy

Abnormal increase in muscle tone

Hypertonicity

Sodium, potassium, magnisium

Electrolytes

Caused by lack of folic acid, caused before birth. Think of nervous system

Spina Bifida

Strong white fibers found in bundles that make up fibrous connective tissues (tendons)

Collagen

Gout, lymes, osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid

Arthritis

Muscle waste

Atrophy

A type of contracture that affects lateral flexion and rotation that may involve SCM, Scalenes and/or upper traps

Torticollis

Neurovascular bundle (ie; Brachial plexus) is compromised/ entrapped. Shoulder girdle, neck down

Thoracic outlet compression syndromes

Deterioration of articular cartilage on the posterior patella

Chondromalacia patella

Compression of the median nerve

Carpal tunnel syndome

Inflammation of the bursa

Bursitis

Impeded blood supply to the bone resulting in bone tissue and blood vessels disintegrating and never fully replacing

AVN Avascular Osreonecrosis

Due to bacterial infection inside a joint capsule

Septic arthritis