M106 Muscular system review Flashcards
A persons ability to survive depends on his or her ability to?
Adapt
Skeletal muscle cells appear ______ under a microscope
Bundles
Describe the shape of muscle cells
Threadlike and cylindrical
Skeletal muscle cells contain multiple
Nuclei
Each fine thread found under a microscope is a muscle cell aka
Muscle fiber
Which type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary
Skeletal
Which type of muscle tissue has dark bands called intercalated disks
Cardiac
Nonstriated muscles are also known as
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle cells are taper at each end, lack striations and have only one _____
Nucleus
This kind of muscle is found in blood vessel walls and many hollow organs
Smooth
Smooth, nonstriated, involuntary muscle is sometimes called
Visceral
Every movement we make involves muscle ____
Contraction
A skeletal muscle is an
Organ
A skeletal muscle is composed of _______ &________
Striated muscles& connective tissue
A muscle attachment to the more stationary bone is its?
Origin
A muscle attachment to the more moveable bone is known as the ?
Insertion
The body of a muscle is also known as the
Belly
_____ anchors muscle to bone
Tendons
______ are made of dense fibrous connective tissue
Tendons
Small fluid-filled sacs
Bursa
These lie between tendon and bone
Bursa
These are made of connective tissue& lined with synovial membrane
Bursa
A _____ makes it easier for a tendon to slide over a bone when the tendons muscle shortens
Bursa
Some tendons are enclosed with _______ ______ tube-shaped structures lined with synovial fluid to facilitate movement
Tendon Sheaths
Prefixes meaning muscle
Myo- mys- sarco
Each skeletal muscle fiber is filled with 2 kinds of very fine threadlike structures called ______ &________
Thick and thin myofilaments
A protein that forms thick myofilaments
Myasin
A protein that forms thin myofilaments
Actin
The basic functional unit of skeletal muscle
Sarcromere
The basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle
Sarcromere
The basic building block of compact bone
Osteon
These separate sarcomeres from eachother
Z-lines
Muscle contraction causes the ____&_____ to slide together and shorten the sarcromere
Mysin&actin
______ _____ ______ explains how a skeletal muscle contracts
sliding filament theory
For contraction to take place, this mineral must be present
Calcium
The energy used for muscle contractions
ATP
The primary functions of the muscular system
Heat production, movement, pulling, stability
Muscles move bones by ______ them
Pulling
When muscles contract they become
Shorter
The muscle that is mainly responsible for producing a movement
Prime mover
Muscles that Help* produce movement
Synergist
Muscle that relaxes when the prime mover contracts
Antagonist
These muscles produce the opposite action of the prime mover
Antagonist
Type of specialized skeletal muscle contraction for maintaining body position
Tonic contraction
In tonic contraction, few muscle fibers shorten at one time resulting in the muscle
Not shortening/moving
_____ contraction doesnt move body parts
tonic
________ contraction holds muscle in place
Tonic
________ ______ maintains posture
Muscle tone
Good posture puts less strain on? (multiple answers)
Organs, bone, muscle
Good posture favors _____
function
Skeletal muscle tone maintains posture by counteracting the pull of _____
Gravity
_____ tends to pull the head and truck forward/ down
Gravity
A constant ______ ____________ is necessary for survival
Body temprature
Healthy human body temp
98.6
Condition of low body temp for human
Hypothermia
Condition of high body temp for human
Hyperthermia
Most of the heat required to maintain body temp is created by
Muscle fiber contraction
Muscle cells that are repeatedly stimulated without adequate rest decrease in strength& _____ results
Fatigue
Is it possible for a muscle to lose its ability to contract by being overused?
Yes
_____ _____ describes the continued increase in metabolism that occurs due to lack of oxygen
Oxygen debt
List some other body systems aside from muscle that play a role in movement
Skeletal, cardiac, nervous
Muscle cells are stimulated by a ______ _______ AKA ______ ______
Motor neuron, efferent neuron
The point of contact between a nerve ending and a muscle fiber is called?
Neuromuscular junction
A single motor neuron and the muscle cell it innervates is called a?
Motor unit
___________ is the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract
Threshold
Because muscle cells contract completely or not at all its typically referred to as ______ ___ ______ response
All or none
A quick jerky response to a stimulus
Twitch
A single stimulus & a single response results in a
Twitch
______ ______ is produced by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle in rapid succession
Tetanic contraction
_______ _______ results in a muscle spasm/cramp
Tetanic contraction
When the muscle changes length and there’s movement at the joint its called a ______ contraction
Isotonic
Examples of this movement include walking, dancing and breathing
Isotonic contraction
This contraction doesn’t always produce movement
Isometric
Can muscle increase tension but not contract?
Yes
Repeated ___ _____ makes muscles grow larger and stronger
isometric contraction
Examples of this contraction include pushing on a wall
Isometric
Prolonged inactivity in muscles can cause
Disuse, atrophy, muscle weakness
Increase in muscle size is known as
Hypertrophy
______ training involves contracting muscles against heavy resistance
Strength
Strength training results in more _____ not more muscle fibers
myofilaments
Movement that decreases the angle of two bones at the joint
flexion
Movement that increases the angle of two bones at the joint
Extension
Movement toward the midline of the body
Proximal
Movement away from the midline of the body
Distol
