M1: Mycology

Question 0

10-100 fold larger. Eukaryotic MO. Contain a well defined nucleus as well as cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, golgi & ER. Exhibit aerobic respiration. Slow growing with doubling times in terms of hours rather than minutes.

Answer 0

Fungi

Question 1

The plasma cell membrane of the fungi contain _______ than cholesterol as the principal membrane sterol.

Answer 1

Ergosterol

Question 2

Usually unicellular reproduce by budding or by fission and produce round pasty or mucoid colonies on agar.

Answer 2

Yeasts

Question 3

Multicellular organisms consisting of threadlike tubular structures called ______. That elongate at their tips by process called __________.

Answer 3

Molds. Hyphae. Apical extension.

Question 4

The hyphae combine to produce a matlike structure

Answer 4

Mycelium

Question 5

The colonies formed by _______ are often described as filamentous, hairy and wooly.

Answer 5

Molds

Question 6

The hyphae may also produce specialized asexual reproductive elements known as

Answer 6

Spore & Conidia

Question 7

The form of fungus producing sexual spores is termed as

Answer 7

Teleomorph

Question 8

Form producing asexual spores is termed as

Answer 8

Anamorph

Question 9

Is isolated from clinical specimen

Answer 9

Anamorphic state

Question 10

Occurs only under very specialized conditions in the laboratory

Answer 10

Teleomorphic phase

Question 11

Capable of initiating infection in a normal, apparently immunocompromised host. Possess putative virulence factors that allow them to actively breach host defenses that ordinarily restrict the invasive growth of other microbes.

Answer 11

Primary pathogens

Question 12

Only cause infection when there are disruptions in the protective barriers of the skin & mucous membranes or when defects in the host immune system to allow them to penetrate,colonize & reproduce the host.

Answer 12

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 13

Characterized by filamentous septate hyphae typically found in soil or decaying vegetation and that produces the airborne infectious cells.

Answer 13

Saprobic phase

Question 14

Adapted to grow at 37°c and to reproduce asexually in the alternative environmental niche of the host respiratory mucosa.

Answer 14

Parasitic phase

Question 15

Most important line of defense against the endemic dimorphic fungi is the

Answer 15

Pulmonary macrophage

Question 16

Both primary and opportunistic fungal pathogens are capable of replication at

Answer 16

37°C

Question 17

Knowledge of the specific etiology agent may have important prognostic implications and may directly influence the choice of

Answer 17

Antifungal Therapy

Question 18

The identification of _________ fungi to the species level often requires the determination of the biochemical and physiologic profile of the organism in addition to the assessment of the microscopic morphology.

Answer 18

Yeastlike

Question 19

The definitive identification of a _____ is based almost entirely on its microscopic morphology.

Answer 19

Mold

Question 20

The endemic dimorphic pathogens are identified by their microscopic features by the demonstration of __________ and by exoantigen and _______________.

Answer 20

Thermal dimorphism. Nucleic acid probe test.

Question 21

Inhibit the 1,3 B-glucan synthesis enzyme complex, resulting in deficient cell wall production. Selective in its toxicity for fungi.

Answer 21

Echinocandin antifungal agents

Question 22

Azole resistance in C. Albicans can be caused by overexpression or mutation of __________ and by overexpression of efflux plumps, CDR & MDR genes.

Answer 22

14-a-demethylase

Question 23

May be able to achieve a better clinical outcome than with monotherapy

Answer 23

Combination therapy

Question 24

May be achieved by combining two agents such as terbifanine and an azole that both attack the sterol pathway at different points, resulting in a more effective inhibition of ergosterol synthesis and disruption of the fungal cell membrane.

Answer 24

Synergy