M1: Immune Response Flashcards
Route: Barriers are maternal antibodies. Rubella & Cytomegalovirus.
Maternal neonatal
Route: Barriers are saliva, IgA & mucous. Polio.
Oral
Route: Barriers are antibody & interferon. Eastern equine encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus & rabies.
Insect or animal bite
Route: Barriers are antibody, T cells. Cytomegalovirus, HIV, HTLV, Hepatitis B, C & D.
Injection, blood products & transplant
Route: Barriers are for female IgA, IgG & mucous. Male: skin. HSV, HIV & human pappilomavirus.
Sexual
Route: Barriers are skin & mucous. HSV, human papillomavirus.
Contact
Route: Barriers are IgA & mucous. Influenza.
Respiratory
Route: Barriers are saliva, IgA & mucous. Polio.
Oral
Is inhaled. Initiates replication in the lung, activates interferon and local inflammatory responses. Initiates viremia and spreads to T cells and lymphatics, liver, spleen. Initiates viremia. Spreads to skin and cause lesions on skin.
Varicella
Is generated against the viral attachment protein or structure
Protective antibody
Protective antibody: fiber protein
Adenovirus
Protective antibody: hemagglutinin
Influenza A virus
Protective antibody: capsid structure forming a valley
Poliovirus
Protective antibody: G glycoprotein
Rabies virus
Promote the expression of proteins for the antiviral that are activated by virus infection, activate NK cells.
IFN a & b
Activate macrophage to become a killer cell and producer of IL-12, an inducer of T helper 1 responses.
IFN y
Antigen presenting cell and upon activation by IFN-y, will promote inflammatory killing of internalized microbes
Macrophage
MHC independent killing of infected cells. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxic killing of infected cells
NK cells
Helper T cells that promote the antiviral response by producing cytokines. Promote apoptosis of infected cells through Fas-Fasl.
CD4 T cells
MHC I restricted killing of infected cells antibody. Neutralization of virus.
CD8 T cells
Are produced by the infected cell and activate antiviral response in surrounding cells, activate NK cells, and also enhance immune response.
IFN a & b
Is produced by NK or T cells as part of the cellular innate or immune responses.
IFN-y
Method of Transmission: establishment of sufficient viremia to allow arthropod to acquire virus during a blood meal
Arthropods
Method of Transmission: stability to drying and heat, as for a naked capsule.
Fomites
Method of Transmission: secretion by epithelial cells into milk
Mother’s milk
Method of Transmission: capsid structure that is impervious to acid and bile of the GIT, replication in oral, intestinal cells or released into the GIT.
Fecal-oral
Method of Transmission: Long asymptomatic period of virus shedding to allow transmission before knowledge of infection
Sexual activity
Incorporation of the oncogene from the virus into the host chromosome to stimulate cell growth (no human viruses act in this manner)
Fast oncogene
Integration near a growth-promoting gene to allow the promoters in the long terminal repeat of the virus to induce over expression of these genes and stimulate growth
Slow oncogene
Rabies virus infection can be identified by observation of ___________ and the presence of viral proteins by __________. A tissue extract can also be analyzed by ______ for viral genome.
Negri inclusion bodies. Immunofluorescence. RT-PCR.
The papilloma virus genome can be detected and typed by __________ and by ______ analysis using strain-specific DNA probes and primes.
In situ hybridization. PCR.
Can be distinguished with antibody specific for each virus type. The antibody can be used in a virus neutralization test, but a better approach is by immunofluorescence or _______ test of cells infected by either virus using type-specific antibody.
HSV-1 & HSV-2. ELISA.
Recent infection is indicated by detection of the presence of the HIV genome as performed by ________ or a related technique.
RT-PCR
Indication of a recent infection
Protein p24
