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MICROBIOLOGY > M1: Immune Response > Flashcards

M1: Immune Response Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Route: Barriers are maternal antibodies. Rubella & Cytomegalovirus.

A

Maternal neonatal

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1
Q

Route: Barriers are saliva, IgA & mucous. Polio.

A

Oral

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2
Q

Route: Barriers are antibody & interferon. Eastern equine encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus & rabies.

A

Insect or animal bite

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3
Q

Route: Barriers are antibody, T cells. Cytomegalovirus, HIV, HTLV, Hepatitis B, C & D.

A

Injection, blood products & transplant

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4
Q

Route: Barriers are for female IgA, IgG & mucous. Male: skin. HSV, HIV & human pappilomavirus.

A

Sexual

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5
Q

Route: Barriers are skin & mucous. HSV, human papillomavirus.

A

Contact

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6
Q

Route: Barriers are IgA & mucous. Influenza.

A

Respiratory

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7
Q

Route: Barriers are saliva, IgA & mucous. Polio.

A

Oral

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8
Q

Is inhaled. Initiates replication in the lung, activates interferon and local inflammatory responses. Initiates viremia and spreads to T cells and lymphatics, liver, spleen. Initiates viremia. Spreads to skin and cause lesions on skin.

A

Varicella

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9
Q

Is generated against the viral attachment protein or structure

A

Protective antibody

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10
Q

Protective antibody: fiber protein

A

Adenovirus

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11
Q

Protective antibody: hemagglutinin

A

Influenza A virus

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12
Q

Protective antibody: capsid structure forming a valley

A

Poliovirus

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13
Q

Protective antibody: G glycoprotein

A

Rabies virus

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14
Q

Promote the expression of proteins for the antiviral that are activated by virus infection, activate NK cells.

A

IFN a & b

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15
Q

Activate macrophage to become a killer cell and producer of IL-12, an inducer of T helper 1 responses.

A

IFN y

16
Q

Antigen presenting cell and upon activation by IFN-y, will promote inflammatory killing of internalized microbes

A

Macrophage

17
Q

MHC independent killing of infected cells. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxic killing of infected cells

A

NK cells

18
Q

Helper T cells that promote the antiviral response by producing cytokines. Promote apoptosis of infected cells through Fas-Fasl.

A

CD4 T cells

19
Q

MHC I restricted killing of infected cells antibody. Neutralization of virus.

A

CD8 T cells

20
Q

Are produced by the infected cell and activate antiviral response in surrounding cells, activate NK cells, and also enhance immune response.

A

IFN a & b

21
Q

Is produced by NK or T cells as part of the cellular innate or immune responses.

A

IFN-y

22
Q

Method of Transmission: establishment of sufficient viremia to allow arthropod to acquire virus during a blood meal

A

Arthropods

23
Q

Method of Transmission: stability to drying and heat, as for a naked capsule.

A

Fomites

24
Q

Method of Transmission: secretion by epithelial cells into milk

A

Mother’s milk

25
Q

Method of Transmission: capsid structure that is impervious to acid and bile of the GIT, replication in oral, intestinal cells or released into the GIT.

A

Fecal-oral

26
Q

Method of Transmission: Long asymptomatic period of virus shedding to allow transmission before knowledge of infection

A

Sexual activity

27
Q

Incorporation of the oncogene from the virus into the host chromosome to stimulate cell growth (no human viruses act in this manner)

A

Fast oncogene

28
Q

Integration near a growth-promoting gene to allow the promoters in the long terminal repeat of the virus to induce over expression of these genes and stimulate growth

A

Slow oncogene

29
Q

Rabies virus infection can be identified by observation of ___________ and the presence of viral proteins by __________. A tissue extract can also be analyzed by ______ for viral genome.

A

Negri inclusion bodies. Immunofluorescence. RT-PCR.

30
Q

The papilloma virus genome can be detected and typed by __________ and by ______ analysis using strain-specific DNA probes and primes.

A

In situ hybridization. PCR.

31
Q

Can be distinguished with antibody specific for each virus type. The antibody can be used in a virus neutralization test, but a better approach is by immunofluorescence or _______ test of cells infected by either virus using type-specific antibody.

A

HSV-1 & HSV-2. ELISA.

32
Q

Recent infection is indicated by detection of the presence of the HIV genome as performed by ________ or a related technique.

A

RT-PCR

33
Q

Indication of a recent infection

A

Protein p24

MICROBIOLOGY (7 decks)

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