M1: Immune Response

Question 0

Route: Barriers are maternal antibodies. Rubella & Cytomegalovirus.

Answer 0

Maternal neonatal

Question 1

Route: Barriers are saliva, IgA & mucous. Polio.

Answer 1

Oral

Question 2

Route: Barriers are antibody & interferon. Eastern equine encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus & rabies.

Answer 2

Insect or animal bite

Question 3

Route: Barriers are antibody, T cells. Cytomegalovirus, HIV, HTLV, Hepatitis B, C & D.

Answer 3

Injection, blood products & transplant

Question 4

Route: Barriers are for female IgA, IgG & mucous. Male: skin. HSV, HIV & human pappilomavirus.

Answer 4

Sexual

Question 5

Route: Barriers are skin & mucous. HSV, human papillomavirus.

Answer 5

Contact

Question 6

Route: Barriers are IgA & mucous. Influenza.

Answer 6

Respiratory

Question 7

Route: Barriers are saliva, IgA & mucous. Polio.

Answer 7

Oral

Question 8

Is inhaled. Initiates replication in the lung, activates interferon and local inflammatory responses. Initiates viremia and spreads to T cells and lymphatics, liver, spleen. Initiates viremia. Spreads to skin and cause lesions on skin.

Answer 8

Varicella

Question 9

Is generated against the viral attachment protein or structure

Answer 9

Protective antibody

Question 10

Protective antibody: fiber protein

Answer 10

Adenovirus

Question 11

Protective antibody: hemagglutinin

Answer 11

Influenza A virus

Question 12

Protective antibody: capsid structure forming a valley

Answer 12

Poliovirus

Question 13

Protective antibody: G glycoprotein

Answer 13

Rabies virus

Question 14

Promote the expression of proteins for the antiviral that are activated by virus infection, activate NK cells.

Answer 14

IFN a & b

Question 15

Activate macrophage to become a killer cell and producer of IL-12, an inducer of T helper 1 responses.

Answer 15

IFN y

Question 16

Antigen presenting cell and upon activation by IFN-y, will promote inflammatory killing of internalized microbes

Answer 16

Macrophage

Question 17

MHC independent killing of infected cells. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxic killing of infected cells

Answer 17

NK cells

Question 18

Helper T cells that promote the antiviral response by producing cytokines. Promote apoptosis of infected cells through Fas-Fasl.

Answer 18

CD4 T cells

Question 19

MHC I restricted killing of infected cells antibody. Neutralization of virus.

Answer 19

CD8 T cells

Question 20

Are produced by the infected cell and activate antiviral response in surrounding cells, activate NK cells, and also enhance immune response.

Answer 20

IFN a & b

Question 21

Is produced by NK or T cells as part of the cellular innate or immune responses.

Answer 21

IFN-y

Question 22

Method of Transmission: establishment of sufficient viremia to allow arthropod to acquire virus during a blood meal

Answer 22

Arthropods

Question 23

Method of Transmission: stability to drying and heat, as for a naked capsule.

Answer 23

Fomites

Question 24

Method of Transmission: secretion by epithelial cells into milk

Answer 24

Mother's milk

Question 25

Method of Transmission: capsid structure that is impervious to acid and bile of the GIT, replication in oral, intestinal cells or released into the GIT.

Answer 25

Fecal-oral

Question 26

Method of Transmission: Long asymptomatic period of virus shedding to allow transmission before knowledge of infection

Answer 26

Sexual activity

Question 27

Incorporation of the oncogene from the virus into the host chromosome to stimulate cell growth (no human viruses act in this manner)

Answer 27

Fast oncogene

Question 28

Integration near a growth-promoting gene to allow the promoters in the long terminal repeat of the virus to induce over expression of these genes and stimulate growth

Answer 28

Slow oncogene

Question 29

Rabies virus infection can be identified by observation of ___________ and the presence of viral proteins by __________. A tissue extract can also be analyzed by ______ for viral genome.

Answer 29

Negri inclusion bodies. Immunofluorescence. RT-PCR.

Question 30

The papilloma virus genome can be detected and typed by __________ and by ______ analysis using strain-specific DNA probes and primes.

Answer 30

In situ hybridization. PCR.

Question 31

Can be distinguished with antibody specific for each virus type. The antibody can be used in a virus neutralization test, but a better approach is by immunofluorescence or _______ test of cells infected by either virus using type-specific antibody.

Answer 31

HSV-1 & HSV-2. ELISA.

Question 32

Recent infection is indicated by detection of the presence of the HIV genome as performed by ________ or a related technique.

Answer 32

RT-PCR

Question 33

Indication of a recent infection

Answer 33

Protein p24