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MICROBIOLOGY > M1: Host Parasite Relationship > Flashcards

M1: Host Parasite Relationship Flashcards

0
Q

Types of Symbiosis

A

Mutualism, Commensalism & Parasitism

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1
Q

Means living together. Describes the relationship of the host and MO

A

Symbiosis

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2
Q

Both the host and symbion benefits from each other. No harm is done. Ex: lactobacilli in the intestines

A

Mutualism

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3
Q

One way relationship. One benefits while the other do not. Symbion benefits from the host. Host is neither harm or benefits from the symbio . Example is staph on the skin.

A

Commensalism

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4
Q

The symbiont harms from the host while it benefits from it. Symbiont benefits & Host is harmed.

A

Parasitism

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5
Q

Organisms that colonize the body’s surfaces without normally causing disease

A

Normal flora/microbiota

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6
Q

Types of Normal Flora

A

Resident & Transient

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7
Q

Part of the normal flora of the body all throughout life. Mostly commensals.

A

Resident

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8
Q

Remain in the body for short period. Found in the same regions. Cannot persist in the body because either compete from other MO, gets eliminated by defense system & certain body changes.

A

Transient

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9
Q

No normal flora

A

Alveoli

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10
Q

Naturally cool environment

A

Nose

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11
Q

Has alot of anaerobic MO

A

Lower colon

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12
Q

Development in womb free MO (axenic). Normal flora begin to develop during birthing process. Much of one’s resident microbiota established during first months of life.

A

Acquisition of Normal Flora

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13
Q

Organisms that always cause a disease. Example is Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Strict pathogens

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14
Q

Normal microbiota that cause disease under certain conditions. Example is candida albicans.

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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15
Q

Conditions the provide opportunities to pathogen: intro of flora into unusual ______ of the body

A

Site

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16
Q

Conditions the provide opportunities to pathogen: ________ suppression

A

Immune

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17
Q

Conditions the provide opportunities to pathogen: changes in normal ________ or changes in the relative abundance.

A

Microbiota

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18
Q

Mere presence of microbes in or on the body

A

Colonization

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19
Q

When organism evades body’s external defenses, multiplies and becomes established in the body. Cause harm.

A

Disease

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20
Q

MO are already there but is slowly replicating

A

Infection

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21
Q

Sites through which pathogens enter the body.

A

Portals of entry

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22
Q

Four major pathways

A

Skin mucous, membrane, placenta and parenteral routes

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23
Q

Outer layer of dead ______ cells acts as barrier to pathogens. Some pathogens can enter through openings or cuts. Others enter by burrowing into or digesting outer layers of skin.

A

Skin

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24
Skin thickness in the back
3mm
25
Skin thickness in the eyes
.5
26
Most common site of entry from inhalation
Respiratory tract
27
Line the body activities that are open to the environment
Mucous membrane
28
Forms effective barrier. Pathogens may cross here and infect fetus.
Placenta
29
Most common placental pathogen
Toxoplasma
30
Not a true portal of entry, can be circumvented. Deposit itself to underneath the skin.
Parenteral route
31
process by which MO attach themselves to cells. Required to established colonies within the host.
Adhesion
32
Inability to make attachment proteins or adhesins renders MO
Avirulent
33
Biofilm
Thin slippery covering of the bacteria
34
Invasion of host by a pathogen
Infection
35
Invading pathogen Alters the normal functions of the body. Morbidity.
Disease
36
Germ theory of disease. Caused by infections of pathogenic MO. Developed a set of postulates one must satisfy to prove a particular pathogen causes a particular disease.
Robert Koch/Koch's Postulate
37
Koch Postulate
Isolate, Grow culture, Inoculate a healthy culture & Reisolate
38
Ability of MO to cause disease
Pathogenicity
39
Degree of pathogenicity. Infective dose and exposure, penetration of anatomic barriers, attachment, replication, cell tissue damage and cell disruption the immune defense of host.
Virulence
40
Virulence factors that contribute to an organism virulence
Adhesion factors, enzyme, Toxins & Antiphagocytic factors.
41
Increase the potential to cause the disease
Infective dose and exposure
42
Acquired entry through oral or skin penetration
Protozoan & Helminths
43
Attachment through adhesion factors
Adhesins, glycoproteins, fibronectin & n acetylglucosamine conjugates
44
Invading the mucosal layer of colon
Entamoeba histolytica
45
Duffy blood group antigens attachment for
Plasmodium Vivax
46
Intracellular or extracellular. Tissue tropism & temperature.
Replication
47
Environment where MO can actually survive
Tissue tropism
48
Secreted by the pathogen. Dissolve structural chemicals in the body. Help pathogen maintain infection, invade and avoid body defenses.
Extracellular enzymes
49
Chemicals that harm tissue or trigger host immune responses that cause damage
Toxin
50
Toxin in the blood
Toxemia
51
Causes fever
Endotoxin
52
Prevent phagocytosis by the host's phagocytic cells
Antiphagocytic factors
53
Composed of chemical not recognized as foreign
Bacterial capsules
54
Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
Symptoms
55
Objective manifestations of the disease observed or measured by others
Signs
56
Symptoms and signs that characterize a disease or abnormal condition
Syndrome
57
No symptom but may still have signs of infection
Asymptomatic/Subclinical
58
Five stages following infection
Incubation period, prodromal period, illness, decline & convalescence
59
No signs or symptoms
Incubation period
60
Vague general symptoms
Prodromal
61
Movement of pathogens out of hosts. The same way they enter os the same area they leave.
Portal of Exit
62
Most pathogens cannot survive long without host. Maintained as a source of infection.
Resevoir
63
Disease caused by animal to humans. Direct contact with animal, eating animals.
Zoonoses
64
Asymptomatic but infective to others. Develop illness when immune system is down.
Human carrier
65
Soil, water and food can be reservoir of infection. Presence of MO due to contamination.
Nonliving Reservoir
66
From a reservoir or a portal of exit
Transmission

MICROBIOLOGY (7 decks)

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