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MICROBIOLOGY > M1: Host Parasite Relationship > Flashcards

M1: Host Parasite Relationship Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Types of Symbiosis

A

Mutualism, Commensalism & Parasitism

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1
Q

Means living together. Describes the relationship of the host and MO

A

Symbiosis

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2
Q

Both the host and symbion benefits from each other. No harm is done. Ex: lactobacilli in the intestines

A

Mutualism

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3
Q

One way relationship. One benefits while the other do not. Symbion benefits from the host. Host is neither harm or benefits from the symbio . Example is staph on the skin.

A

Commensalism

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4
Q

The symbiont harms from the host while it benefits from it. Symbiont benefits & Host is harmed.

A

Parasitism

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5
Q

Organisms that colonize the body’s surfaces without normally causing disease

A

Normal flora/microbiota

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6
Q

Types of Normal Flora

A

Resident & Transient

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7
Q

Part of the normal flora of the body all throughout life. Mostly commensals.

A

Resident

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8
Q

Remain in the body for short period. Found in the same regions. Cannot persist in the body because either compete from other MO, gets eliminated by defense system & certain body changes.

A

Transient

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9
Q

No normal flora

A

Alveoli

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10
Q

Naturally cool environment

A

Nose

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11
Q

Has alot of anaerobic MO

A

Lower colon

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12
Q

Development in womb free MO (axenic). Normal flora begin to develop during birthing process. Much of one’s resident microbiota established during first months of life.

A

Acquisition of Normal Flora

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13
Q

Organisms that always cause a disease. Example is Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Strict pathogens

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14
Q

Normal microbiota that cause disease under certain conditions. Example is candida albicans.

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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15
Q

Conditions the provide opportunities to pathogen: intro of flora into unusual ______ of the body

A

Site

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16
Q

Conditions the provide opportunities to pathogen: ________ suppression

A

Immune

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17
Q

Conditions the provide opportunities to pathogen: changes in normal ________ or changes in the relative abundance.

A

Microbiota

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18
Q

Mere presence of microbes in or on the body

A

Colonization

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19
Q

When organism evades body’s external defenses, multiplies and becomes established in the body. Cause harm.

A

Disease

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20
Q

MO are already there but is slowly replicating

A

Infection

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21
Q

Sites through which pathogens enter the body.

A

Portals of entry

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22
Q

Four major pathways

A

Skin mucous, membrane, placenta and parenteral routes

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23
Q

Outer layer of dead ______ cells acts as barrier to pathogens. Some pathogens can enter through openings or cuts. Others enter by burrowing into or digesting outer layers of skin.

A

Skin

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24
Q

Skin thickness in the back

A

3mm

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25
Q

Skin thickness in the eyes

A

.5

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26
Q

Most common site of entry from inhalation

A

Respiratory tract

27
Q

Line the body activities that are open to the environment

A

Mucous membrane

28
Q

Forms effective barrier. Pathogens may cross here and infect fetus.

A

Placenta

29
Q

Most common placental pathogen

A

Toxoplasma

30
Q

Not a true portal of entry, can be circumvented. Deposit itself to underneath the skin.

A

Parenteral route

31
Q

process by which MO attach themselves to cells. Required to established colonies within the host.

A

Adhesion

32
Q

Inability to make attachment proteins or adhesins renders MO

A

Avirulent

33
Q

Biofilm

A

Thin slippery covering of the bacteria

34
Q

Invasion of host by a pathogen

A

Infection

35
Q

Invading pathogen Alters the normal functions of the body. Morbidity.

A

Disease

36
Q

Germ theory of disease. Caused by infections of pathogenic MO. Developed a set of postulates one must satisfy to prove a particular pathogen causes a particular disease.

A

Robert Koch/Koch’s Postulate

37
Q

Koch Postulate

A

Isolate, Grow culture, Inoculate a healthy culture & Reisolate

38
Q

Ability of MO to cause disease

A

Pathogenicity

39
Q

Degree of pathogenicity. Infective dose and exposure, penetration of anatomic barriers, attachment, replication, cell tissue damage and cell disruption the immune defense of host.

A

Virulence

40
Q

Virulence factors that contribute to an organism virulence

A

Adhesion factors, enzyme, Toxins & Antiphagocytic factors.

41
Q

Increase the potential to cause the disease

A

Infective dose and exposure

42
Q

Acquired entry through oral or skin penetration

A

Protozoan & Helminths

43
Q

Attachment through adhesion factors

A

Adhesins, glycoproteins, fibronectin & n acetylglucosamine conjugates

44
Q

Invading the mucosal layer of colon

A

Entamoeba histolytica

45
Q

Duffy blood group antigens attachment for

A

Plasmodium Vivax

46
Q

Intracellular or extracellular. Tissue tropism & temperature.

A

Replication

47
Q

Environment where MO can actually survive

A

Tissue tropism

48
Q

Secreted by the pathogen. Dissolve structural chemicals in the body. Help pathogen maintain infection, invade and avoid body defenses.

A

Extracellular enzymes

49
Q

Chemicals that harm tissue or trigger host immune responses that cause damage

A

Toxin

50
Q

Toxin in the blood

A

Toxemia

51
Q

Causes fever

A

Endotoxin

52
Q

Prevent phagocytosis by the host’s phagocytic cells

A

Antiphagocytic factors

53
Q

Composed of chemical not recognized as foreign

A

Bacterial capsules

54
Q

Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient

A

Symptoms

55
Q

Objective manifestations of the disease observed or measured by others

A

Signs

56
Q

Symptoms and signs that characterize a disease or abnormal condition

A

Syndrome

57
Q

No symptom but may still have signs of infection

A

Asymptomatic/Subclinical

58
Q

Five stages following infection

A

Incubation period, prodromal period, illness, decline & convalescence

59
Q

No signs or symptoms

A

Incubation period

60
Q

Vague general symptoms

A

Prodromal

61
Q

Movement of pathogens out of hosts. The same way they enter os the same area they leave.

A

Portal of Exit

62
Q

Most pathogens cannot survive long without host. Maintained as a source of infection.

A

Resevoir

63
Q

Disease caused by animal to humans. Direct contact with animal, eating animals.

A

Zoonoses

64
Q

Asymptomatic but infective to others. Develop illness when immune system is down.

A

Human carrier

65
Q

Soil, water and food can be reservoir of infection. Presence of MO due to contamination.

A

Nonliving Reservoir

66
Q

From a reservoir or a portal of exit

A

Transmission

MICROBIOLOGY (7 decks)

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