M1-L17: Ax Proprioception Flashcards
What is proprioception?
perception of position and movement of one’s own limbs and body without using vision
What are the ICF Body Functions and Structures?
What is the path for spinocerebellar tract and the dorsal column-medial leminiscus?
What is the structure, afferent, respond, monitor and generate for spinocerebellar tract and dorsal column-medial lemniscus?
How are the spinocerebellar tract and dorsal column-medial lemniscus impaired by?
What is the way that proprioception information is received?
How can proprioception stimulation be generated (2)?
- Child’s own movement
- External facilitation
What are 3 mechanisms for proprioception stimulation?
How does registration accuracy change throughout life for SENSES?
- Registration accuracy improves with age until a peak in performance at middle age followed by a gradual decline
- Movement registration is similar between the dominant and non-dominant hand, and in any direction
What are 2 types of SENSES (REGISTRATION)- range of performance for SENSATION?
- Low tactile registration (doesn’t detect)
- Hypersensitivity to proprioceptive stimuli (over sensitive)
What are characteristics of “Low tactile registration (does not detect” (1) and “ Hypersensitivity to proprioceptive stimuli (oversensitive)” (1) in SENSES (REGISTRATION)- range of performance for SENSATION for proprioception?
What is SENSES of Assessment of infants for SENSATION for proprioception?
What are 3 objective confirmation- 8months to 4 years for automatic position adjustment for SENSES in SENSATION for proprioception?
Automatic position adjustment – Observe child
- During play
- Typical position/transition
- Awkward position
NOT IN EXAM
What are the 2 subjective clues for SENSES in SENSATION for proprioception?
- “Sally’s arms and legs are all over the place and she’s always falling over.”
- “His handwriting is terrible
- and he can’t catch or throw a ball.”
What are the 2 types of Enages- rage of performance for proprioception?
- Avoids/dislikes
- Over-seeks / Perseverates
What are the characteristics of “Avoids/dislikes” (2) and “Over-seeks/Perseverates” (2) ENGAGES- range of performance for SENSATION? What are the examples?
What are the 3 observational assessment of of ENGAGES- range of performance for SENSATION?
- Does child actively engage in movement?
- How often?
- How long?
What is NOMINATES in SENSATION for proprioception?
What is the definitions for NOMINATES in SENSATION for proprioception?
the interpretation of the spatial and temporal aspects of the stimulus and gives meaning to the sensory input
What are 3 ages characteristics for NOMINATES in SENSATION for proprioception?
- Perception improves as children move into adolescence and young
- adulthood followed by a decline as adults age
- Boys aged 4-12 years performed better than girls
- Children (7-8 years) showed no differences between hands, while adults showed superior proprioception in their dominant hand
What are the 4 assessments for NOMINATES for SENSATION for proprioception?
What are the 2 types of Joint position sense (Hands) for NOMINATES for SENSATION for proprioception?
- 4 year old test
- 6 year old test
What is the 4 year old test for Joint position sense (Hands) for NOMINATES for SENSATION for proprioception?
What are the results for the Joint position sense (Hands) for Assessment of spatial perception in NOMINATES in SENSATION for proprioception?
Results of our research with primary school-°©aged children
- Majority achieved near perfect accuracy scores
- No difference in speed or accuracy between gender groups or hands
What are the implications for the Joint position sense (Hands) for Assessment of spatial perception in NOMINATES in SENSATION for proprioception?
Presence of any errors by age 6 is an indication of decreased proprioceptive spatial perception
- Children should be able to keep up
What is the Joint position sense (Limbs) for Assessment of spatial perception in NOMINATES in SENSATION for proprioception?
DO NOT NEED TO KNOW FOR EXAM??????
What are the 2 types of SYMMETRY in SENSATION for proprioception?
- Extinction, hemiparesis, hemiplegia
- Localised hypersensitivity
Reduced somatosensory (difficulty registering or perceiving information)
What are the characteristics of “Extinction, hemiparesis, hemiplegia” (1) and “Localised hypersensitivity”(1) for SYMMETRY in SENSATION for proprioception?
What are the characteristics of “Poor/delayed position adjustments, looks/is uncomfortable” (2) and “Excessive position adjustment”(2) for ADJUST POSTURE in SENSATION for proprioception?
What is the test for ADJUST POSTURE in SENSATION for proprioception?
Rhomberg Test (4 years +)
- Proprioception, vestibular, tactile (feet)
What is the procedure (4 steps) for Rhomberg Test (4 years +) ADJUST POSTURE in SENSATION for proprioception?
- Child stands erect with feet together and arms in front
- Stand for up to one 1 min eyes open, to demonstrate that senses are intact to maintain balance
- Then, stand up to 1 min with eyes closed (some books state 20-30 seconds only).
- Stay near the child for safety.
What is the 3 results for Rhomberg Test (4 years +) ADJUST POSTURE in SENSATION for proprioception?
- Slight swaying is normal due to removal of vision.
- Children with proprioceptive problems become more unsteady with eyes closed.
- A positive Romberg sign is noted when irregular swaying or falling occurs. Catch the child before falling.
- Note that compensation can occur through vestibular or tactile senses, so further testing may be required
- Seeking –> moving the arms around
- Contraction of limbs –> get more proprioception
- Sway –> normal but not massive
What are the characteristics of “Under-respons to stimulus” (2) and “Over-responds to stimulus”(2) for TUNES in SENSATION for proprioception?
What are the characteristics of “Under-respons to stimulus” (1) and “Over-responds to stimulus”(1) for INTEGRATES in SENSATION for proprioception?
What are the characteristics of “Unresolved sensory conflict/mismatch” (1) and “Detects sensory conflict appropriately”(1) for OVERRIDES INSTANCES OF SENSORY CONFLICTS in SENSATION for proprioception?
What are the 3 subjective clues for ADJUSTS, TUNES, INTEGRATES, OVERRIDES in SENSATION for proprioception?
- “He just can’t sit still on the mat with the other kids.”
- “She is always breaking toys.”
- “She is so slow with everything and needs to watch so closely.”
What is the objective evidence for ADJUSTS, TUNES, INTEGRATES, OVERRIDES in SENSATION for proprioception?
Observation of functional tasks within the context of your assessment and other sensory findings
What are the characteristics of “Delayed/under-responding-accidental injury, poor control” (1) and “Over-responds- too safe, fearful, avoidance, low experience and joint discomfort”(1) for NORMAL in SENSATION for proprioception?
What are 3 normal trajectories for NORMAL (impact of age on perception) for SENSATION for proprioception?
- Significant development of proprioceptive potential from birth
- Transitional period of development from 4-7 years sees a significant re-weighting towards proprioception in body awareness and positioning
- From visually depended to proprioception development well
- Suggested that most basic proprioceptive skills are attained by 6-8 years
What does contradictory conclusions on the impact on proprioception and motor function?
More about consistency (due to children of different ages)
- Different age groups assessed
- Different assessments performed to determine proprioceptive function
How does proprioception preducts hand function?
What is the treatment strategies for proprioception?
What are 3 general principles for proprioceptive treatment?
- Be clear about what you are Rx
- Perform Ax for re-°©test
- Use relevant strategies
- Muscle (stretch, contract)
- Joint (compress, distract, move)
- Allow time to respond
- Enhance or withdraw?
- Stress proprioception (uneven surfaces, vision removed)
- Augment proprioception visually enhanced proprioception)
