(M) L1: Adult Learning (Part 2) Flashcards
Condition of Learning:
- capabilities that already exist in a learner before a new concept begins
Internal Condition
Condition of Learning:
- different stimuli that exist outside the learner
External
T or F: In elicit performance, practice can be done only once
False (more than once)
Refers to the planning of both the teacher and the students
Mutual Planning
T or F: Learning is an unusual adult activity
False (normal)
T or F: Adults with a negative self-concept and low self-esteem are more responsive to learning because they are not arrogant hence they learn more
False (positive self-concept and higher self-esteem = higher responsiveness)
T or F: Adults learn best when they value the role of adult learner
True
T or F: Adults learn best if they allow others to manage their learning
False (manage their own)
This reinforces changes that are already made and provides a motive for further learning
Success
T or F: Adult learning is dynamic
True
T or F: Vague feedback is encouraged to allow the students to think critically about themselves
False (feedback must be descriptive)
T or F: Adults have a higher sense of self-direction and motivation
True
T or F: Adults use life experience to facilitate learning
True
T or F: Adults don’t ask for help/mentorship
False
T or F: Child learning is problem-centered while adult learning is content-centered
False (reverse)
There must always be what kind of motivation within us?
Intrinsic
Does the law of readiness in education apply to kids or adults?
Adults (andragogy)
T or F: Pedagogy is content-centered while andragogy is learner-centered
True
T or F: Pedagogy focuses on what the teacher wants the children to know
True
T or F: Pedagogy is directed by the teacher while andragogy is self-directed
True
T or F: In andragogy, the teacher’s experience counts more than the learner
False (teacher’s experience is for pedagogy; andragogy focuses on the learner’s experience)
T or F: Andragogy encourages being ready whenever the teacher is also ready
False (only ready to learn when they feel the need to)
T or F: Pedagogy is subject and content-oriented
True
T or F: Andragogy is goal and relevancy-oriented
True
T or F: Children are more internally motivated than adults
False (children = extrinsic, adults = intrinsic)
T or F: Methods used to teach children can still be effective on adults
False
In the origin of andragogy and pedagogy, the Greek word “ago” means what?
Guide
In the origin of andragogy, “andras” means what?
Man
In the origin of pedagogy, “paidi” means what?
Child
Andras + ago = andragogy which means what?
Guide to man
Paidi + ago = pedagogy which means what?
Guide to child
T or F: Andragogy focuses on two-way learning
True
T or F: Pedagogy focuses on one-way learning (only the teacher shares their knowledge)
True
T or F: Adults are more reliant on the facilitators than children
False (children are more reliant)
Who has more control in the learning experience in pedagogy, the student or the teacher?
Teacher (andragogy = learners have more control)
Grades are more important to the learners in andragogy or pedagogy?
Pedagogy
T or F: Adults are more profoundly involved in estimating their learning
True (children depend more on their teacher for their learnings)
T or F: Andragogy encourages seeking information that is not useful for their line of work/personal lives
False (must be useful)
T or F: Pedagogical learners are more focused on the core subjects rather than real life application
True
T or F: Readiness to learn in pedagogical learners in activated by the necessity to tackle certain life situations and the self-desire to improve oneself
False (that is for andragogical learners)
Note: Children activate their readiness to learn in order to develop knowledge in a field
T or F: Pedagogy is a motivational approach
False (andragogy)
Note: Pedagogy tends to be more organized due to the complication of students
Pedagogical Approaches:
- believes that learning is teacher-focused
- supported by the use of direct instruction and lecture-based lessons
Behaviorism
Pedagogical Approaches:
- aka invisible pedagogy
- a theory that believes that people acquire knowledge through experiences and reflection
- it sets the child at the epicenter of learning
Constructivism
Pedagogical Approaches:
- a mixture of a teacher guide and student-centeredness
Social Constructivism
Pedagogical Approaches:
- a critical pedagogy that removes barriers such as poverty and hunger
Liberationist
The liberationist pedagogical approach was developed by which Brazilian educator and director of the department of education?
Paulo Freire
How many days did it take Paulo Freir to teach illiterate adults to read?
45 days
Types of Learning Theories:
- by Jack Mezirow in 1978
- all learners use different assumptions, expectations, and beliefs to make sense of the world
- helps learners change/transform their existing frames of reference
- one of the “stickiest” types because it can shift an individual’s experience
Transformational Learning
Learning transformations occur when individuals face a _______ that challenges their existing beliefs and critically reflect upon what has taken place
Disorienting Dilemma
Types of Learning Theories:
- by David Kolb in the 1970s
- requires a hands-on approach with the learner at the center of learning
- learning only happens when an individual reflects on what they’re doing
Experiential Learning
Types of Learning Theories:
- adults learn best by doing and are directly involved
- the essence of adult learning is making sense of experiences
Adult Learning Theory: Experiential Learning
Types of Learning Theories:
- rooted in Malcolm Knowles’ theory of Adult Learning
- emphasizes learners taking the initiative to diagnose learning needs, form learning goals, identify resources, implement a learning plan, and assess their own results
- the learner exercises control over all learning decisions
Self-Directed Learning (SDL)
T or F: Self-directed learning occurs without the help of teachers, resources, and peers
False (with)
Types of Learning Theories:
- by John Dewey in 1897
- learners acquire deeper knowledge through exploration of real-world problems
- requires learners to solicit feedback and continually review results
Project Based Learning (PBL)
T or F: Project Based Learning is believed to decrease the possibility of long-term retention
False (increase)
Types of Learning Theories:
- by Reg Revans in 1982
- involves taking action and reflection on results
- improves problem solving abilities and simplifies the resulting solutions
- questions build group dialogue and cohesiveness
Action Learning
T or F: In action learning, taking action is done after asking questions and clarifying the problem
False (must first reflect on and identify possible solutions)
T or F: In action learning, making recommendations only is also effective in group collaboration
False (the group loses energy, creativity, and commitment)
T or F: In action learning, coaches should be present
True (helps the learners to work smarter and more effectively)
T or F: A blended learning solution is optimal for adult learning
True
T or F: It is important to link learning to unexpected results
False (expected results)
T or F: Informal learning can be left alone without being formalized
False (must be formalized)
T or F: Organizations with a growth mindset encourage their employees to stay within the company until retirement
False (encourage charting their own path)
Organizations are in a constant state of _______ in order to operate efficiently
Reorganization
T or F: Communities need to be built for practice
True
T or F: Long complex learning modules aren’t overwhelming for adult learners
False (they are)
Refers to summarizing content into smaller learning modules that focus on an idea or one aspect of a larger topic
Chunking
This creates learning activities that deliver a full learning experience in just a few minutes
Effective microlearning
T or F: Microlearning is all about slicing a 20-minute module into a 2-minute one
False (it’s more than that)
T or F: It is always reasonable to make all employees follow the same training path
False (must enable personal learning paths)
Who is more likely to up-skill faster, a long-tenured employee or an outside hire?
Long-tenured employee (already familiar with the company culture and internal systems)
T or F: Learning must be aligned with one’s wants, not needs
False (reverse)
T or F: It is the job of a learning professional to identify the root causes of a performance or knowledge issue and recommend the best possible solution
True
Business stakeholders tend to look at learning in purely what terms?
Utilitarian
T or F: Stakeholders often prefer the learning solutions they are familiar with hence are less likely to bridge gaps
False (highly likely to bridge gaps)
T or F: An action learning exercise is more effective than a classroom lesson on how to get along with co-workers in terms of building teams and increasing morale
True
T or F: A stakeholder always asks for the learning professional to identify problems and give solutions to it
False (not all the time)
