(F) L5: Critical Thinking Flashcards
What is being referred and who gave this definition?
The ability to define a problem, select pertinent information needed to solve the problem, recognize stated & unstated assumptions, formulate or select relevant and promising hypothesis, draw valid conclusions; and, judge the validity of inferences
Critical thinking (according to Dressed and Mayhew)
What is being referred and who gave this definition?
A composite of attitudes or inquiry, knowledge of the nature of valid inferences, abstractions, and generalizations, and skills in employing and applying these attitudes and this knowledge
Critical thinking (Watson and Glaser)
What is being referred and who gave this definition?
The careful, deliberate determination of whether one should accept, reject or suspend judgment about a claim and the degree of confidence with which one accepts or rejects it.
Critical thinking (Parker and Moore)
What is being referred and who gave this definition?
The “purposeful and reflective judgment about what to believe or what to do in response to observations, experience, verbal or written expressions or arguments”
Critical thinking (Paul and Elder)
Defined as a way of interacting with the world that is relative, open, and generative.
Critical thinking
It calls for persistent effort to examine any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the evidence that supports it and the further conclusions to which it tends.
Critical thinking
It includes identification of prejudice, bias, propaganda, self-deception, distortions, misinformation, etc.
Critical thinking
T or F: “Critical” has a connotation of expressing APPROVAL
False (Disapproval)
T or F: Critical thinking employs only logic
False (has a broad intellectual critiera)
T or F: Even with knowledge of methods of logical inquiry and reasoning, mistakes can happen,
True
If grouded on _______, criticial thinking is often manifested in skillful manipulation of ideas for self-service or groups vested interest
Selfish motives
Familiarize the four analysis of definitions of Critical Thinking
- is nonbiased (not biased), reason (rational) and truth-oriented (based on evidence)
- is tied to belief or action (done for some purpose or purpose driven)
- holds up to certain evaluative criteria
- involves making judgments
Processes in relation to learning:
Students construct in their mind basic principles, ideas and theories
Process of Internalization
Processes in relation to learning:
Students effectively use principles, ideas, and theories (PIT) as they become relevant to their lives.
Process of Application
What are the four other concepts of Critical Thinking?
- Problem Solving
- Scientific Method
- Cognitive/Intellectual Development
- Creativity
Other concepts
- Knowledge & experience to address
problem usually with correct answer - Limited approaches works, not necessarily
long-term perspective.
Problem Solving
Other concepts
- Reasoning about open-ended or ill-structured problems
- Questioning most of the time
Critical Thinking
Other concepts
- Linear, objective approach to problems to find solutions
- Minimize bias & personal involvement
Scientific Method
Other concepts
- Reflective, involves personal investments, nonlinear (messy)
- Not focused on solving problem or answer questions
Critical Thinking
Other concepts
- How individual reason, view knowledge, manage diversity of opinions & conflicting points of view
- Relate to authorities as they come to know & understand them
Cognitive/Intellectual Development
Other concepts
Not focused on nature of knowledge or relationship with authorities, narrower concept
Critical thinking
Other concepts
- Imagination and spontaneity, artistic & free, original and intuitive
- Leads to a novel product (Idea, Solution, Invention) (ISI)
Creativity
Other concepts
- Logical, analytic & judgmental, not product (there’s no product here)
- Evaluate worth of ISI, using criteria
Critical Thinking
What are the 3 factors inhibiting critical education?
- Curricula
- Teaching Strategies
- Assignments and Evaluation
Refers to:
o Pre-selected for Students
o Sequencing of Courses are
Scripted
o Students don’t have to think why
they are enrolling in certain courses
o Don’t have choices among
alternative courses
Curricula
Refers to:
o Lecturing to cover as much
content
o Complicated Materials
o Faculty/Teacher Knows Best
o Faculty/Teacher Knows Best
o No Challenge to struggle to
Understand
Teaching Strategies
Refers to:
▪ very precise, wherein
chapters, number of
pages, number of
references to be cited, and
source references are
spoon-fed to the students
Assignments
Familiarize the strategies to enhance critical thinking
- Discussion
- Asking Effective Questions
- Text Interaction
- Problem-Based Learning
- Concept Mapping
- Other Strategies
- Positive Learning Environment
Other strategies that refer to:
o Provide Open-Ended Problem with
more than one desirable outcome
o Judge the Advantages & Disadvantages,
Compare alternative Solutions
o Justify Choice of Action
Case studies
Other strategies that refer to:
o Provide opportunities for teams to
complete assignments
o Each talent is used to solve problems,
Critique each work
o Learn from each other
Collaborating Learning
Other strategies that refer to:
o At the start of class, give a sheet of paper with open-ended statement
o Collect paper with responds before end of class
o Shows ability to think, listen & understand, ability to process what was heard
One-Minute Paper
Other strategies that refer to:
o 1 to 2-page analysis or thought paper
about controversial topics of the course
o Completed regularly, weekly
o Critique the thinking & arguments
presented
o Students critique own & others
Microthemes
Other strategies that refer to:
o Narrative form to draw on & fuse
concept learned with personal experiences, like fear, insights or concerns
o Teacher put more on reading & commenting, extensive feedback is also given by the teacher
Journals
Other strategies that refer to:
o Identify personal strength & weaknesses of the learning materials
o Comment of the extent to which they were aware of the assumptions they made going thru the materials
Self-Assessment/Evaluation
Three ways to assess critical thinking
- Standardized Test
- Observing Identified Indicators
- Students Portfolio
In Standardized tests, scores are reported in 5 specific areas. What are those?
- Inference
- Recognition of assumptions
- Deduction
- Interpretation
- Evaluation of Arguments
In standardized tests, scores are reported in which skill areas?
- Analysis
- Evaluation
- Inference
- Deductive Reasoning
- Inductive Reasoning
- Self-Regulation
What do students’ portfolio include?
- Papers
- Journals
- Teaching Plans
- Other Items that Document Growth in
Thinking
