L3.2: Multiple Intelligences, Factors, and Philosophies of Learning Flashcards
In 1983, this was coined by Howard Gardner
Multiple intelligences
“A person does not have just a single type of intellectual capacity” who stated this?
Howard Gardner, 2010
In what year did Gardner add the naturalist as the 8th intelligence?
1995
What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka word-smart individuals
→ excels in words, language, and writing
→ likes to read, write, and tell stories
→ good at memorization and learns best by saying, hearing, and seeing words
→ teaching methods:
- use poetry or script writing
- debates
- formal speaking opportunities
- use humor (joke writing or telling)
- give opportunities to read
Verbal-Lingustic
What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka logic-smart individuals
→ excels in analyzing problems and mathematical operations
→ likes to conduct experiments and think about abstract ideas
→ good at math, reasoning, logic, and problem solving
→ learns best with abstract patterns
→ teaching methods:
- give opportunities for problem solving
- involve calculations
- interpret a code
- use patterns and logic games
- organize information in an outline
Logical-Mathematical
What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka picture-smart individuals
→ relating to or occupying space
→ excels in visual and spatial judgement
→ likes to draw, build, design, create, daydream, look at pictures, watch movies, and play with machines
→ good at imagining, mazes/puzzles, reading maps, and charts
→ learns best by envisioning and working with colors and pictures
→ teaching methods:
- use mind-mapping techniques
- use guided visualizations or verbal imagery
- provide opportunities for artistic expression using different mediums (e.g. paint, clay, etc.)
- allow for make-believe or fantasy
- create collages for visual representations
Visual-Spatial
What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka music-smart individuals
→ excels in rhythm and music
→ likes to sing, hum, listen to music, and play instruments
→ good at remembering tunes, picking up sounds, remembering melodies, and noticing pitches and rhythms
→ learns best by rhythm, melody, and music
→ teaching methods:
- use instruments and sounds
- use environmental sounds
- allow for composition and performance
- allow for creation of songs about a topic
Musical
What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka body-smart individuals
→ excels in physical movement and motor control
→ likes to move, touch, and talk using body language
→ good at physical activities
→ learns best by tactile senses, moving, and processing information through bodily sensations
→ teaching methods:
- use body sculptures
- role playing, miming, or charade games
- allow for physical exercise, dance, or martial arts
- create opportunities for skits
Bodily-Kinesthetic
What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka nature-smart individuals
→ excels in finding patterns and relationships to nature
→ likes to play and work outside, visit beaches, hike mountains, and interact with the environment
→ good at planning trips and conserving nature
→ learns best by studying natural phenomenon in a natural setting and learning about how things work
→ teaching methods:
- have classroom plants or animals
- observe nature and go on nature walks
- use species classification
- provide hands-on lab with natural materials
Naturalistic
What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka people smart individuals
→ excels in understanding and relating to other people
→ likes having friends, people to talk to, and groups
→ good at empathizing, leadership, communicating, and arbitrating conflicts
→ learns best by sharing, comparing, and cooperating with others
→ teaching methods:
- teach collaborative skills
- plenty of group works
- person-person communication
- use empathy
Interpersonal
What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka self-smart individuals
→ excels in introspection (examining one’s thoughts and feelings) and self-reflection
→ likes to work alone and pursue one’s interests
→ good at understanding one’s thoughts and feelings, focusing on the self, and being original
→ these people are self-motivated
→ learns best by working alone, individual assignments, self-paced learning, and having their own space
→ teaching methods:
- practice meditation
- allow for self-reflection
- use mindfulness
Intrapersonal
What multiple intelligence is this?
→ excels in reflection and deep thinking about human existence
→ likes to ponder on life’s significance and the meaning of death
→ good at contemplating about deep questions regarding human existence (sees the bigger picture)
→ learns best by connecting the learnings and the outside world
→ looks beyond the senses to explain phenomena
Existentialist
Factor that Affects Learning:
- light, sound, temperature, and formal/informal arrangement
Environment
Factor that Affects Learning:
- motivational, persistence, and responsibility
Emotional
Factor that Affects Learning:
- learning with the self, pair, peer, teams, adult lead, or a variety of work groups
Sociological
Factor that Affects Learning:
- food intake needs, mobility, time of day, and perception
Physiological
Factor that Affects Learning:
- see the big picture first; assess whether you are linear, sequential, impulsive, or reflective
Psychological
Refers to a traditional desk/table and chair
Formal environment
Refers to the floor, couch, beanbag, etc.
Informal environment
The environmental factor that deals with noise vs. silence
Sound
The environmental factor that deals with being too hot or too cold
Temperature
The environmental factor that deals with brightness or dimness
Light
The physiological factor that deals with standing, stretching, and taking short breaks; study in 20-30 minute intervals w/ a 30-second recharge to the brain
Mobility
The physiological factor that deals with continuous movement (e.g. tapping their fingers or feet); make sure to not distract others
Kinesthetics
Teaching Philosophies:
→ identifies and clarifies beliefs, values, and understanding of a teacher or educational institution
→ students acquire behaviors through interactions
Behaviorism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ preserves the traditional curriculum
→ aims to transmit information as a means of bringing students into an already established culture
→ not in favor of including extra-curricular activities (fear of deviation and distraction)
Conservatism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ learners gain information by building on top of prior knowledge
→ prior experiences and expertise influence how they perceive new information
Constructivism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ focuses on the core basic subjects and skills
→ e.g. reading, writing, mathematics, and science
Essentialism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ focuses on student needs
→ provides a secure, non-threatening atmosphere for students while validating their feelings as part of learning
→ grades play little to no significance; self-evaluation is the only significant form of assessment
Humanism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ ideas are the only true reality; the goal is to discover it (acc. to Plato)
→ education’s objective is to produce a mind with skills able to help society
→ encourages conscious reasoning in the mind
Idealism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ exposes learners to a wide range of subjects and abilities
→ a well-rounded type of education; able to accept different opinions from their own (open-mindedness)
→ allows students to pick their own interdisciplinary route while providing opportunities to gain a variety of knowledge
Liberalism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ teaches ideas that have everlasting and universal truths and values
→ students are taught to appreciate great everlasting works (e.g. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, etc.)
→ focuses on the finest thinkers and writers’ ideas
Perennialism
This term means existing or lasting for a long time
Perennial
Teaching Philosophies:
→ based on reasoning and facts
→ emphasizes evidence-based learning
→ teachers reject intuition
→ relies on concrete data and knowledge gained through experiments
Positivism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ teaches learners the knowledge and skills that are useful in the future
→ for practical use relevant to their future situations and careers
Pragmatism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ considers the significance of individuality and its connection to active learning
→ individuality, progress, and change are fundamental to education
→ people learn best from what they believe is most relevant to their lives
Progressivism
Teaching Philosophies:
→ reality and the mind’s perception are separate phenomena
→ knowledge acquired through senses are the only truth
Realism
