L3.2: Multiple Intelligences, Factors, and Philosophies of Learning

Question 1

In 1983, this was coined by Howard Gardner

Answer 1

Multiple intelligences

Question 2

“A person does not have just a single type of intellectual capacity” who stated this?

Answer 2

Howard Gardner, 2010

Question 3

In what year did Gardner add the naturalist as the 8th intelligence?

Answer 3

1995

Question 4

What multiple intelligence is this?

→ aka word-smart individuals
→ excels in words, language, and writing
→ likes to read, write, and tell stories
→ good at memorization and learns best by saying, hearing, and seeing words
→ teaching methods:
- use poetry or script writing
- debates
- formal speaking opportunities
- use humor (joke writing or telling)
- give opportunities to read

Answer 4

Verbal-Lingustic

Question 5

What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka logic-smart individuals
→ excels in analyzing problems and mathematical operations
→ likes to conduct experiments and think about abstract ideas
→ good at math, reasoning, logic, and problem solving
→ learns best with abstract patterns
→ teaching methods:
- give opportunities for problem solving
- involve calculations
- interpret a code
- use patterns and logic games
- organize information in an outline

Answer 5

Logical-Mathematical

Question 6

What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka picture-smart individuals
→ relating to or occupying space
→ excels in visual and spatial judgement
→ likes to draw, build, design, create, daydream, look at pictures, watch movies, and play with machines
→ good at imagining, mazes/puzzles, reading maps, and charts
→ learns best by envisioning and working with colors and pictures
→ teaching methods:
- use mind-mapping techniques
- use guided visualizations or verbal imagery
- provide opportunities for artistic expression using different mediums (e.g. paint, clay, etc.)
- allow for make-believe or fantasy
- create collages for visual representations

Answer 6

Visual-Spatial

Question 7

What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka music-smart individuals
→ excels in rhythm and music
→ likes to sing, hum, listen to music, and play instruments
→ good at remembering tunes, picking up sounds, remembering melodies, and noticing pitches and rhythms
→ learns best by rhythm, melody, and music
→ teaching methods:
- use instruments and sounds
- use environmental sounds
- allow for composition and performance
- allow for creation of songs about a topic

Answer 7

Musical

Question 8

What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka body-smart individuals
→ excels in physical movement and motor control
→ likes to move, touch, and talk using body language
→ good at physical activities
→ learns best by tactile senses, moving, and processing information through bodily sensations
→ teaching methods:
- use body sculptures
- role playing, miming, or charade games
- allow for physical exercise, dance, or martial arts
- create opportunities for skits

Answer 8

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Question 9

What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka nature-smart individuals
→ excels in finding patterns and relationships to nature
→ likes to play and work outside, visit beaches, hike mountains, and interact with the environment
→ good at planning trips and conserving nature
→ learns best by studying natural phenomenon in a natural setting and learning about how things work
→ teaching methods:
- have classroom plants or animals
- observe nature and go on nature walks
- use species classification
- provide hands-on lab with natural materials

Answer 9

Naturalistic

Question 10

What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka people smart individuals
→ excels in understanding and relating to other people
→ likes having friends, people to talk to, and groups
→ good at empathizing, leadership, communicating, and arbitrating conflicts
→ learns best by sharing, comparing, and cooperating with others
→ teaching methods:
- teach collaborative skills
- plenty of group works
- person-person communication
- use empathy

Answer 10

Interpersonal

Question 11

What multiple intelligence is this?
→ aka self-smart individuals
→ excels in introspection (examining one’s thoughts and feelings) and self-reflection
→ likes to work alone and pursue one’s interests
→ good at understanding one’s thoughts and feelings, focusing on the self, and being original
→ these people are self-motivated
→ learns best by working alone, individual assignments, self-paced learning, and having their own space
→ teaching methods:
- practice meditation
- allow for self-reflection
- use mindfulness

Answer 11

Intrapersonal

Question 12

What multiple intelligence is this?
→ excels in reflection and deep thinking about human existence
→ likes to ponder on life’s significance and the meaning of death
→ good at contemplating about deep questions regarding human existence (sees the bigger picture)
→ learns best by connecting the learnings and the outside world
→ looks beyond the senses to explain phenomena

Answer 12

Existentialist

Question 13

Factor that Affects Learning:
- light, sound, temperature, and formal/informal arrangement

Answer 13

Environment

Question 14

Factor that Affects Learning:
- motivational, persistence, and responsibility

Answer 14

Emotional

Question 15

Factor that Affects Learning:
- learning with the self, pair, peer, teams, adult lead, or a variety of work groups

Answer 15

Sociological

Question 16

Factor that Affects Learning:
- food intake needs, mobility, time of day, and perception

Answer 16

Physiological

Question 17

Factor that Affects Learning:
- see the big picture first; assess whether you are linear, sequential, impulsive, or reflective

Answer 17

Psychological

Question 18

Refers to a traditional desk/table and chair

Answer 18

Formal environment

Question 19

Refers to the floor, couch, beanbag, etc.

Answer 19

Informal environment

Question 20

The environmental factor that deals with noise vs. silence

Answer 20

Sound

Question 21

The environmental factor that deals with being too hot or too cold

Answer 21

Temperature

Question 22

The environmental factor that deals with brightness or dimness

Answer 22

Light

Question 23

The physiological factor that deals with standing, stretching, and taking short breaks; study in 20-30 minute intervals w/ a 30-second recharge to the brain

Answer 23

Mobility

Question 24

The physiological factor that deals with continuous movement (e.g. tapping their fingers or feet); make sure to not distract others

Answer 24

Kinesthetics

Question 25

Teaching Philosophies:
→ identifies and clarifies beliefs, values, and understanding of a teacher or educational institution
→ students acquire behaviors through interactions

Answer 25

Behaviorism

Question 26

Teaching Philosophies:
→ preserves the traditional curriculum
→ aims to transmit information as a means of bringing students into an already established culture
→ not in favor of including extra-curricular activities (fear of deviation and distraction)

Answer 26

Conservatism

Question 27

Teaching Philosophies:
→ learners gain information by building on top of prior knowledge
→ prior experiences and expertise influence how they perceive new information

Answer 27

Constructivism

Question 28

Teaching Philosophies:
→ focuses on the core basic subjects and skills
→ e.g. reading, writing, mathematics, and science

Answer 28

Essentialism

Question 29

Teaching Philosophies:
→ focuses on student needs
→ provides a secure, non-threatening atmosphere for students while validating their feelings as part of learning
→ grades play little to no significance; self-evaluation is the only significant form of assessment

Answer 29

Humanism

Question 30

Teaching Philosophies:
→ ideas are the only true reality; the goal is to discover it (acc. to Plato)
→ education’s objective is to produce a mind with skills able to help society
→ encourages conscious reasoning in the mind

Answer 30

Idealism

Question 31

Teaching Philosophies:
→ exposes learners to a wide range of subjects and abilities
→ a well-rounded type of education; able to accept different opinions from their own (open-mindedness)
→ allows students to pick their own interdisciplinary route while providing opportunities to gain a variety of knowledge

Answer 31

Liberalism

Question 32

Teaching Philosophies:
→ teaches ideas that have everlasting and universal truths and values
→ students are taught to appreciate great everlasting works (e.g. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, etc.)
→ focuses on the finest thinkers and writers’ ideas

Answer 32

Perennialism

Question 33

This term means existing or lasting for a long time

Answer 33

Perennial

Question 34

Teaching Philosophies:
→ based on reasoning and facts
→ emphasizes evidence-based learning
→ teachers reject intuition
→ relies on concrete data and knowledge gained through experiments

Answer 34

Positivism

Question 35

Teaching Philosophies:
→ teaches learners the knowledge and skills that are useful in the future
→ for practical use relevant to their future situations and careers

Answer 35

Pragmatism

Question 36

Teaching Philosophies:
→ considers the significance of individuality and its connection to active learning
→ individuality, progress, and change are fundamental to education
→ people learn best from what they believe is most relevant to their lives

Answer 36

Progressivism

Question 37

Teaching Philosophies:
→ reality and the mind’s perception are separate phenomena
→ knowledge acquired through senses are the only truth

Answer 37

Realism