M 9. Henry VIII Foreign Policy?

Question 1

What were the key features of Henry VIII’s foreign policy with Ireland?

Answer 1

• 1534 rebellions against earl of Kildare who ruled on henrys behalf, this was supressed with great difficulty and a vast expense – led to Ireland becoming more independent
• 1539 nobles Con O’Neill and Manus O’Donnell invaded the pale, the government eventually gained control and attempted to pacify Ireland by establishing a separate kingdom with English laws.
• In return Irish lords received titles but this broke down and the situation became more complex

Question 2

What were the key features of Henry VIII’s foreign policy with the HRE & Spain?

Answer 2

• 1512 England, HRE and Spain invade France
• 1516, Ferdinand of Spain dies, and Charles V inherits titles of HRE and Spain
• 1529, treat of Cambrai between France and HRE leaving England isolated
• 1521, treaty of Bruges a peace treaty with England and Charles V
• 1525, HRE defeat French at battle of Pavia but refuses to help henry with his invasion in northern France
• 1526 henry supported the league of Cognac against the HRE
• 1598 peace treaty with HRE and France leaves Henry
• 1540 henry marries Anne of Cleves but quickly dissolved

Question 3

What are the key features of Henry VIII’s foreign policies with France?

Answer 3

• 1512, 10,000 troops sent to southern France but defeated as Spain didn’t help in Gascony
• 1513, Henry is victorious at the battle of Spurs and takes Therouanne and Tournai
• 1514, Mary Henrys sister marries Louis XII
• 1515, Louis XII dies and is replaced by Francis II his rival
• 1517, treaty of Cambrai a peace treaty for France and HRE
• 1520, Field of the cloth of gold, a peace event where Francis and Henry fight
• 1522, England invades f=France but gains little
• 1525, France and England join league of Cognac against HRE
• 1527, peace treaty of Amiens
• 1538, treaty of Nice between France and HRE and agreed to sever connections with England
• 1544, England and HRE invade France and Henry takes Boulogne
• 1545, France is victorious over Henry at Ancrum Moor, France lands of Isle of Wight and sinks Flagship the Mary Rose.
• 1546, peace

Question 4

What were the key features of Henry VIII’s foreign policy with Scotland?

Answer 4

• 1512, James IV and Louis XII sign peace treaty
• 1513, Scotland invade England after the invasion on France but a defeated at the battle of Flodden and James is killed, Scottish throne is taken by infant James V, but Margaret Henrys sister takes control
• 1539, pope tries to unite catholic states against England and sends a cardinal to Scotland
• 1542, England invade Scotland and at Solway Moss James V is killed, Scotland is very weak
• 1543, treaty of Greenwich arranges marriage between Edward Henrys son and Mary Queen of Scots – doesn’t happen though
• 1545, Scotland and France invade England at battle of Ancrum Moor