Lymphoma Flashcards
where do the cancerous cells proliferate?
LN
2 main types
hodgkins
non-hodgkins
hodgkins lymphoma epidemiology
1 in 5 lymphomas
proliferation of lymphocytes
bimodal age -20 and 75
risk factors hodgkins lymphoma
HIV
EBV
autoimmune disorder
FH
presentation of hodgkins lymphoma
lymphadenopathy - neck, axilla, inguinal region
LN hodgkins lymphoma
non-tender
rubbery
when might those with hodgkins lymphoma feel pain in LN?
alcohol
B symptoms
night sweats
weight loss
fever
other hodgkins lymphoma symptoms
fatigue itching cough SOB abdominal pain recurrent infections
hodgkins lymphoma investigations
bloods - FBC, LDH
LN biopsy
hodgkins key diagnostic test
LN biopsy
key finding biopsy - hodgkins
reed-sternberg cell
reed-sternberg cell
abnormally large B cells
multiple nuclei - nucleoli inside (face of owl with large eyes)
staging system
ann arbor
what does ann arbor staging put importance on?
nodes above or below diaphragm
ann arbor staging - how many?
4
ann arbor stages
1 = 1 region of LN 2 = more than 1 region on same side of diaphragm 3 = LN above and below diaphragm 4 = widespread - liver, lungs
key treatments hodgkins
chemo and radiotherapy
what does chemo create a risk of?
leukaemia
infertility
what does radiotherapy create a risk of?
cancer
hypothyroidism
damage to tissues
3 noteable types of NHL
burkitt lymphoma
MALT
diffuse large b cell
burkitt lyphoma associations
HIV, EBV, malaria
MALT lymphoma
MALT around stomach
h pylori
risk factors for NHL
HIV, EBV, h pylori
hep B or C
pesticides - trichloroethylene
FH
treating NHL
chemo
rituximab
radiotherapy
stem cell transplant
LN biopsy or FNAC
biopsy as aspiration only gives cytology
other investigations NHL
bone marrow aspirate
immunophenotyping
LN biopsy
which one spread is contiguous?
hodgkins
what signifies worse prognosis?
raised LDH
B symptoms
