Hyposplenism Flashcards

1
Q

spleen immunology role

A

reservoir for lymphocytes

bacteraemias

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2
Q

causes of splenomegaly

A
CML
malaria
portal hypertension 
haemolytic anaemia 
connective tissue disease
infection - TB, EBV
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3
Q

main indications for splenectomy

A

splenic trauma
autoimmune haemolysis
warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
hypersplenism

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4
Q

why is it important to mobilise early following splenectomy?

A

transient increase in platelets - thrombi

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5
Q

characteristic blood film following splenectomy

A

howell jolly bodies
pappenheimer bodies
target cells

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6
Q

main problem post splenectomy

A

increased risk from infection

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7
Q

most common infections post splenectomy

A

strep pneumoniae
H influenzae
N meningitidis

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8
Q

5 ways to reduce risk of infections

A
vaccinations
prophylactic abx
medical cards to alert staff
seek medical advice if signs of infection 
travel advice re malaria prophylaxis
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9
Q

immunisations

A

pneumococcal
hib
men B, C, ACWY
annual flu vaccine

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10
Q

antibiotic prophylaxis

A

penicillin v

erythromycin if allergic

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11
Q

hyposplenism causes

A

sickle cell
coeliac
alcoholic liver disease
lymphoma

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12
Q

what is the general class of infections more at risk of?

A

encapsulated bacteria

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13
Q

haematological changes

A

lymphocytosis
neutrophilia
reactive thrombocytosis

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14
Q

what is the lack of howell jolly bodies in asplenic patients suggestive of?

A

accessory spleen

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15
Q

why is there an increased risk of encapsulated bacteria infections?

A

encapsulated bacteria usually opsonised with antibodies then phagocytosed by specialised macrophages

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16
Q

therapy for postsplenectomy infection

A

IV vancomycin plus ceftriaxone