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Histology > lymphoid system 1 > Flashcards

lymphoid system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity is

A
  • immediate
  • nonspecific actions
  • first course of action
  • include physical barriers
  • include NKCs
  • granulocytes
  • leukocytes
  • produced in bone marrow
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2
Q

physical barriers of innate immunity

A
  • skin
  • mucous membranes of GI tract
  • respiratory
  • urogenital tracts
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3
Q

natural killer cells (NKC)

A
  • destroy various unhealthy host cells
  • include virus or bacteria and tumorigenic cells
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4
Q

adaptive immunity

A
  • acquired gradually by exposure to microorganisms
  • aimed at specific microbial invaders
  • slower response
  • more recently evolved
  • B and T lymphocytes
  • memory lymphocytes
  • produced in bone marrow
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5
Q

B and T lymphocyte activation in adaptive immunity

A
  • against specific invaders
  • specific molecules from antigen presenting cells
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6
Q

antigen presenting cells (APCs) are derived from

A
  • monocytes
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7
Q

the lymphatic system protects against potentially harmful effects of

A
  • pathogens
  • foreign substances
  • infectious agents (bacteria and viruses)
  • abnormal cells
  • can target tumor cells
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8
Q

the major function of the lymphoid system:

A

to serve as a source of immunocompetent cells that can react with and neutralize antigens and to distinguish self from non-self

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9
Q

the lymphoid system is comprised of

A
  • lymphoid tissues
  • organs comprised of lymphocytes and other cells of mononuclear phagocyte system
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10
Q

lymphoid tissue is classified as

A

specialized reticular connective tissue

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11
Q

arrangement of components of lymphoid system

A
  • diffuse subepithelial lymphocyte aggregates
  • densely packed
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12
Q

densely packed arrangement occurs in:

A
  • lymphoid nodules
  • are part of MALT
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13
Q

mucose associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) includes:

A
  • tonsils
  • payer patches
  • appendix
  • GI, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts
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14
Q

lymphoid organs can be

A
  • unencapsulated
  • encapsulated
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15
Q

encapsulated organs include

A
  • lymph nodes
  • thymus
  • spleen
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16
Q

unencapsulated organs include

A
  • bone marrow
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17
Q

lymphoid organs can be classified as:

A
  • primary
  • secondary
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18
Q

primary lymphoid organs are

A

major sites of lymphocyte production and maturation

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19
Q

primary lymphoid organs include

A
  • bone marrow
  • thymus
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20
Q

what do B cell lymphocytes do?

A
  • mediate humoral immunity by giving rise to plasma cells (synthesize antibodies)
  • inactivate foreign antigens
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21
Q

what do T cell lymphocytes do?

A
  • mediate cellular immunity against microorganisms
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22
Q

what do secondary lymphoid organs do?

A
  • carry out immune response
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23
Q

secondary lymphoid organs include:

A
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • MALT
24
Q

lymphoid tissues derive from:

A

mesoderm
- except thymus which derives from mesoderm and endoderm

25
Q

MALT subdivided into

A
  • GALT (gut)
  • BALT (bronchus)
  • NALT (nasal)
  • VALT (vulvovaginal)
26
Q

GALT includes

A
  • tonsils
  • Payer patches
  • appendix
27
Q

MALT contains

A
  • B cells and T cells
  • primarily B cells
  • T cells predominate nearby areas
28
Q

lymph nodes

A
  • bean/kidney shaped
  • found in lymphatic vessels and lymph
  • occur as chains or groups
  • in neck, groin, mesenteries, axillae, abdomen
29
Q

lymph nodes derive from

A

the mesenchyme

30
Q

main function of lymph nodes:

A
  • filtration of lymph before it returns to thoracic duct
  • production of lymphocytes that are added to lymph
  • synthesis of antibodies (IgG)
  • recirculation of lymphocytes
31
Q

structure of lymph nodes:

A
  • paracortex
  • cortex
  • medulla
32
Q

lymph node flow

A
  1. afferent lymph vessels
  2. subcapillary sinus
  3. trabeculae sinus
  4. paracortex
  5. medullary sinus (medullary cord
  6. efferent vessel
33
Q

where do lymphocytes enter high endothelial venules?

A

paracortex

34
Q

high endothelial venules (HEVs) are where…

A

lymphocytes exit blood and become localized in lymph nodes

35
Q

B cells localize where in the lymph nodes?

A

cortex

36
Q

where do T cells localize in the lymph nodes?

A

paracortex

37
Q

where do lymphocytes proliferate?

A

in germinal center of the spleen
- B lymphocytes remain in the germinal center

38
Q

thymus function

A

Facilitates the foreign antigen-independent maturation of T lymphocytes
- much larger in children

39
Q

thymus gland

A
  • flat
  • bilobed
  • in anterior mediastinum
  • involuted and parenchyma replaced by adipose connective tissue during puberty***
40
Q

parenchyma of thymus is later…

A

replaced by adipose in adults

41
Q

where does positive selection occur?

A

in thymus

42
Q

medulla of thymus contains what?

A

hassel’s corpuscles

43
Q

hassel’s corpuscles

A
  • highly active
  • produce hormones to help lymphocytes differentiate when located on periphery of thymus
44
Q

the spleen produces:

A
  • lymphocytes and antibodies
  • these are delivered directly to the blood not the lymph
45
Q

function of the spleen

A
  • filtration of the blood (only lymphoid organ that does)
  • defense against blood-born antigens
  • main site of erythrocyte destruction
  • produces antibodies and activated lymphocytes
46
Q

splenic pulp components

A
  • white pulp (lymphoid nodules and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths - PALS)
  • red pulp (sinusoids and splenic cords)
47
Q

PALS is primarily made of

A

T cells

48
Q

the spleen contains:

A
  • lymphoid nodules
  • periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)
49
Q

are lymphoid nodules in the spleen part of the MALT?

A

NO

50
Q

comparison of major lymphoid organs

A
51
Q

lymphatic drainage in teeth

A
  • lymphatic vessels have been identified in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 3
  • located in root pulp
52
Q

macrophages

A
  • located in connective tissue, lymphoid organs, lungs, bone marrow, pleural, and peritoneal cavities
  • produces cytokines and inflammation factors, is antigen processing and presenting
53
Q

kupffer cells

A

macrophages of the liver

54
Q

microglial cells

A

macrophages of CNS

55
Q

Langerhans cells

A

antigen processing and presentation in epidermis

56
Q

dendritic cells

A

antigen processing and presentation in lymph nodes and spleen

Histology (12 decks)

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