digestive tract 2 Flashcards
1
Q
lower digestive tract includes
A
- gastroduodenal junction
- small intestine
- large intestine
- anal canal
2
Q
the lining of the GI tract and respiratory tracts derive from
A
the endoderm
3
Q
the major layers of digestive tract
A
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis
- serosa
4
Q
the serosa covers
A
the organs in the bodily cavities
5
Q
intraperitoneal organs include
A
- stomach
- spleen
- liver
- first and fourth part of the duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- transverse and sigmoid colon
6
Q
duodenum
A
- only region to have Brunner’s glands
- crypts of Leiberkuhn replace gastric glands from the stomach and extend to muscularis
- secretory acini produce alkaline glycoprotein to increase pH of fluid from stomach
- shortest villi of all regions of small intestine
7
Q
small/large intestines contain
A
- enterocytes that absorb nutrients
8
Q
small intestine has
A
- brush border (microvilli on simple columnar epithelium)
- 3 sections
9
Q
3 sections of small intestine
A
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
10
Q
Brunner’s glands
A
secrete peptide hormone (urogastrone) that inhibits HCl secretion
11
Q
jejunum
A
- has long villi
- wrapped in extensive capillaries so digested material enters the blood and is processed immediately by liver
- lipids absorbed are circulated in lymphatic system
- contains lacteals in lamina propria
- lacteals are lymphatics
- smooth muscle
12
Q
ileum
A
- has club like villi
- Payer’s patches
- contains most paneth cells
13
Q
paneth cells
A
- sit in base of crypts
- produce lysozyme
- regulate microenvironment of bacteria
- antigen presenting
14
Q
Payer’s patches
A
- part of MALT
- large lymphoid nodule aggregates
- underly the epithelial M cells
15
Q
the large intestine
A
- absorbs water, electrolytes, bile salts, some vitamins
- secretes mucous
- bacterial metabolism site
- no villi or paneth cells
- ascending and descending sections are retroperitoneal
- not covered by mesentery, only adventitia
- not connected to posterior abdominal wall
16
Q
appendix
A
- resists bacterial infection
- roles in immune function
- part of MALT
17
Q
function of small intestine
A
- digestion
- absorption
18
Q
parts of large intestine
A
- cecum
- appendix
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid colon
- rectum
19
Q
mucosal cell types of large intestine
A
- goblet cells
- stem cells
- enteroendocrine cells
20
Q
rectum and anal canal
A
- simple columnar (cecum, colon, rectum)
- non-keratinized stratified squamous (anal canal)
- keratinized epidermis (anus)
- anal sphincters
