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SF III Test 1 > Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

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2
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Lymph nodes

Spleen

Tonsils

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

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3
Q

What are the functions of the immune system?

A

Protection

Distinguis self from non-self

Remove infected, damaged or cancerous cells

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4
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

Initial recognition and processing of antigens

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5
Q

What is the adaptive immune system?

A

Immune response and effector function

Requires antigen presentation

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6
Q

What is the humoral immunity?

A

Antibodies interacting with the antigen

Part of adaptive

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7
Q

What is cell-mediated immunity?

A

Involves T-cells and antigen presenting cells

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8
Q

What is clonal expansion?

A

B-cells proliferating into plasma cells that are specific to the antigen that the B-cell originally encountered

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9
Q

What cells are a part of innate immunity?

A

Dendritic cells

Macrophages

Granulocytes, neurtophils, eosinophils, basophils

NK Cells

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10
Q

What cells are a part of adaptive immunity?

A

Lymphocytes

B cells -humoral

T-cells - cell-mediated immunity

Plasma cells - produce antibodies

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11
Q

What are neurtophils?

A

Innate immunity

Myeloid cells

Granules

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12
Q

What are basophils?

A

Innate

Myeloid

Histamine releasing

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13
Q

What are mast cells?

A

Innate

Myeloid

Tryptase/Histamine/Heparin

Allergy and Anaphylaxis

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14
Q

What are Eosinophils?

A

Innate

Myeloid

Neoplasm, Allergy, Asthma, Collagen vascular disorders, Parasites (NAACP)

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15
Q

What are Monocytes?

A

Innate Myeloid

Phagocytic, antigen presenting

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16
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

Antigen presenting cells

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17
Q

What are Langerhans’ cells?

A

Located in the dermis

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18
Q

What is a natural killer cell?

A

Lymphoid cell

Kill certain targets without sensitization, usually infected or damaged cells

Recognize self class 1 MHC molecules and kill cells lacking that self-antigen

Positive for CD16, CD56, and CD57

19
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

Main function is immunoglobulin synthesis

Lymphoid cell

20
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Molecules that bind to antibodies or the T-cell receptor

Bind small regions (epitopes) of large molecules

Linear or conformational

21
Q

What is the difference between a linear epitope or conformational epitope?

A

Linear binds in a sequence

Conformational is dependent on the 3D orientation of the antigen

22
Q

What are the antigen receptors on B lymphocytes?

A

Membrane bound antibodies

Recognize epitopes on a variety of extracellular molecules

23
Q

What are the antigen receptors on T lymphocytes?

A

T cell receptor

Recognize small peptides on the surface of APCs or Infected cell

24
Q

Describe the structure of an antibody?

A

Constant and variable regions

Heavy and light chains

The N-terminal domain of the heavy and light chains are highly variable

25
Q

What is the antigen binding domain composed of?

A

The variable regions of the light and heavy chains

Highly specific

2 binding sites per antibody molecule

26
Q

What is IgM?

A

First antibody release

Readily fixes and activates compliment

27
Q

What is IgA?

A

Mucosal immunity

Prevents pathogen entry

28
Q

What is IgD?

A

Monomer attache tot he surface of B-cells, functions as B-cell receptor

29
Q

What is IgG?

A

80% of all antibodies in plasma

Mainly from secondary and late primary responses

Responsible for neonatal passive immunity

30
Q

What is IgE?

A

Monomer associated with allergy/parasites

Causes mast cells to release histamine

31
Q

What is class-switching?

A

B-cells can antibody class switch but retain antigen specificity

IgM at first, then IgG

Important for infections stage determination

32
Q

Where are lymphocytes generated?

A

Bone marrow

B-cells proliferate and mature here

33
Q

Where do T-cells mature?

A

The thymus

34
Q

What is the function of the thymus?

A

T-cell proliferation and maturation

Negative self-selection of reactive clones

Positive selection of MHC recognizing clones

35
Q

What are epithelial reticular cells?

A

Primary function is the deletion of auto-reactive T-cells

Responsible for the education of the T-cells

Have many antigens to expose T-cells to

36
Q

Describe the maturation of T-cells

A

Initially double negative for CD4 and CD8

Then double positive

And eventually matures to only express either CD4 or CD8

37
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Monitor foreign antigens in tissues

Adaptive immune responses to lymph borne antigens initiated

38
Q

What are high endothelial venules?

A

Allow passage of cells from the blood into the lymph nodes

Important structure in lymph nodes

not found in spleen

39
Q

What is the function of the germinal centers?

A

Seen in secondary lymphoid organs and spleen

Mature B-cells proliferate, differentiate

Class switching antibodies

Located in the center of the follicle of lymph organs

40
Q

What is the phenotype of germinal center B-cells?

A

BCL-6 and CD10 postivie

41
Q

What is the spleen?

A

Largest organ in the lymphatic system

Monitors foreign antigens in the blood

Activates lymphocytes

Removes aged RBCs

42
Q

What are periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths?

A

Portion of white pulp, populated by mostly T-cells and surround central arteries within the spleen

43
Q

What is Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue?

A

Collections of lymphoid tissue within the lamina propria

Associated with mucosal epithelium with openings to the external environment

Large amounts of IgA are secreted by plasma cells

SF III Test 1 (27 decks)

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