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SF III Test 1 > Development of the Heart > Flashcards

Development of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What germ layer does the heart originate from and when does this start?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm originally located ventral to the pericardial coelom

Day 18

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2
Q

How does the endocardium form?

A

Paired endocardial heart tubes from splanchnic mesoderm

The tubes are brought together due to lateral folding of the embryo

The fuse in the midline to form a single heart tube (the endocardium)

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3
Q

What are the five dilatations of the heart tube?

A

Truncus arteriousus

Bulbus cordis

Primitive ventricle

Primitve atrium

Sinus venosus

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4
Q

Where does the sinus venosus receive blood from?

A

Paired umbilical veins

Paired vitelline veins

Paired common cardinal veins

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5
Q

What do the aortic arches originate from?

A

Truncus arteriosus

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6
Q

What is the atrioventricular canal?

A

Division between the primitive atrium an primitve ventricle

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7
Q

How does the atrioventricular canal get divided into left and right sides?

A

Dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions fuse to vorm the atrioventricular septum

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8
Q

What is the sino-atrial orifice?

A

Entrance of sinus venosus into the atrium

Shifts to the fight side of the atrium, therefore all venous blood enters

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9
Q

How does the primitive atrium divide?

A

The septum primum grows downward from the dorsal wall of the primitve atrium and fuses with the atrioventricular septum

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10
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

A passageway for oxygenated blood from the placenta entering the right atrium to be shunted to the left atrium

Allows bypass of nonfunctioning lungs

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11
Q

For what two reasons is the foramen ovale functionally closed after birth?

A

Decrease in right atrial pressure

Increase in left atrial pressure

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12
Q

What is the coronary sinus formed from?

A

Left horn of the sinus venosus

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13
Q

Describe the division of the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriousus

A

Bulbar and truncal ridges fust to form the aorticpulmonary septum, dividing the two structures into the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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14
Q

How is the primitive ventricle divided?

A

The muscular ventricular septum forms from the floor of the ventricle and grows towards the atrioventricular septum, where it fuses and completely partitions the ventricle

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15
Q

What dilatation forms the upper smooth part the both ventricles?

A

Bulbis cordis

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16
Q

What dilatation forms the trabeculated part of both ventricles?

A

Primitive ventricles

17
Q

What is the most common atrial septal defect?

A

Foramen secundum defect

Blood flows from the left atrium to the right atrium due to the higher blood pressure in the left atrium posnatally

18
Q

What is a probe-patent foramen ovale?

A

Incomplete fusion of the sptum primum and septum secundum

Not pathological

19
Q

What is a common atrium?

A

Total absence of development of the atrial septum

20
Q

What is the result of a premature closure of foramen ovale?

A

Coses prenatally

Results in hypertrophy of the right side of the heart and underdevelopment of the left side

21
Q

What is persistent atrioventricular?

A

Failure of endocardial cushions to fuse

Defects in atrial and ventricular septa resulting in single atrioventricular orifice

22
Q

What results from a foramen primum defect?

A

Partial fusion of endocardial cushions results in a gap in the inferior part of the atrial septum

23
Q

What is the most common congenital cardiac defect?

A

Membranous interventricular septal defect

Results from the failure of proper fusion of the three structures that form the membranous interventricular septum

Blood flows from the left to the right ventricle

24
Q

What causes abnormal division of the truncus arteriosus?

A

Abnormal migration of neural crest cells into the bulbar and truncal ridges resulting in an abnormal aorticpulmonary septum

25
Q

What results from abnormal division of the truncus arteriosus?

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Associated with ASD, patent ductus arteriosus and sometimes VSD

Infant presents with marked cyanosis which needs to be surgically repaired

26
Q

What is a persistant truncus arteriosus?

A

Failure of development of the bulbar and truncal ridges

Presents as a single artery fiving rise to both the pulmonary trunk and the ascending aorta

Infant presents with marked cyanosis

27
Q

What four defects are associated with the tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Interventricular septal defect

Hypertrophy of right ventricle

Over-riding aorta: large aorta over-rides interrventricular septal defect

Pulmonary stenosis

28
Q

What causes the Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Unequal division of the bulbus cordis by the aorticopulmonary septum

Infant presents with marked cyanosis

29
Q

What is dextrocardia?

A

Heart located on right side of the thorax

30
Q

What is dextrocardia with situs inversus?

A

Dextrocardia with inversion of other vixcera

SF III Test 1 (27 decks)

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