Heart Flashcards
What is the Crista terminalis?
Vertical ridge within the right atrium that divides the right atrium into two divisions
What are the pectinate muscles?
Muscular walls on the anterior part of the right atrium
What is the fossa ovalis?
Located on the posterior wall of the right atrium, location of fetal foraman ovale
What are the trabeculae carniae?
Irregular ridges of muscle that line the ventricular lumen
What is the annulus fibrosis?
Ring of fibrous tissue surrounding the orifice and serves as attachment site for valve cusps
What is the function of the cordae tendineae/papillary muscles?
Place tension on the cusps of the tircuspid valve to prevent the edges from being everted into the right atrium
Do not pull the cusps shut
What is pulmonic valvular incompetence?
Valve doesn’t close properly due to thickened and inflexible free margins of the cusps
Results in backflow into the right ventricle
What is pulmonary stenosis?
Narrowing of pulmonary orifice due to fusion of the free margins of the cusps by a disease process
Results in high right ventricular hypertrophy
What are the two parts of the interventricular septum?
Muscular part - thick, forms most of it
Membranous part - thin, located in upper part and inferior to the right and posterior cusps of the aortic valve – this is the site of congenital ventricular septal defects
What do calcium deposts in rheumatic fever affect?
Biscuspid (mitral) valve
Results in valve incompetency
Where are the openings of the left and right coronary arteries?
Located in wall of ascending aorta
Blood enters during diastole
Describe the valves in Diastole
Tricuspid and mitral valves open due to atrial contraction
Arotic and pulmonary valves closed
Describe the valves in Systole
Tricuspid and mitral valves are closed
Aortic and pulmonary valves are open due to ventricular contraction
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
Sinu-atrial nodal branch
Marginal
AV nodal artery
Posterior interventricular*
What are the branchesof the left coronary artery?
Left anterior descending or Anterior interventricular branch
Circumflex branch
What is coronary arterial dominance?
Relates to the source of the posterior interventricular artery from either the right or left coronary arteries
What is the clinical significance of a left dominant heart
Entire interventricular septum is supplied by the left coronary artery, i.e. no collateral circulation
Less chance of survival from occlusive blockage of the left coronary artery in a left dominant heart
What two vessels can be used to bypass an occluded coronary artery?
Great Saphenous vein
Internal thoracic artery
What is an angioplasty?
Balloon catheter is inserted into the ascending aorta and then into the occluded coranary
What is the Coronary sinus?
Large vein in the posterior part of the AV sulcus
Receives most of the blood of the heart via its tributaries
Opens into the right atrium, rudimentary valve present
What are the anterior cardiac veins?
2-4 veins that drain directly into right atrium
What are the smallest cardiac veins?
Tiny vessels that open directly into the chambers of the heart
What is the sinuatrial node?
Pacemaker of the heart, located in the wall of the right atrium
Spontaneously generates electrical impulses that causes contraction of the Atria
What is the atrioventricular node?
Located in the inferior part of the interatrial septum
Receives waves of impulses from the atrial muscles
Sends electrical impulse to the ventricles via the AV bundles
