Great Vessel Development Flashcards
What are the branches of the dorsal aorta?
Paired intersegmental arteries
Unpaired Vitelline arteries
Paired umbilical arteries
Paired lateral splanchnic arteries
What do the left and right subclavian arteries develop from?
7th intersegmental arteries
What do the common iliac arteries develop from?
5th lumbar intersegmental arteries
What do the umbilical arteries form?
Internal iliac arteries
Shifts from aorta to 5th lumbar intersegmental arteries
Superior vesical artery (to bladder)
Which aortic arches are the major contributors to definitive arteries and which degenerate?
3,4, and 6 - definitive arteries
1,2, and 5 degenerate
What does the 3rd aortic arch form?
Proximal - common carotid
Distal - part of the internal carotid, external carotid arteries that sprout from common carotid
What does the left aortic arch 4 form?
Contributes to the arch of the aorta
What three embryonic vessels form the aortic arch?
Aortic Sac
Left dorsal aorta
Left aortic arch 4
What does the right aortic arch 4 form?
Contributes to the right subclavian artery
What three embryonic vessels form the right subclavian artery?
Right aortic arch 4
Right dorsal aorta
Right 7th intersegmental artery
What does the 6th aortic arch form?
Proximal - Left and right pulmonary arteries
Distal - degenerates on the right, but on the left persists as the ductus arteriosus
What is the brachiocephalic trunk formed from?
Part of the aortic sac
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Narrowing of the aorta superior or inferior to the entrance of the ductus arteriosus
What is postductal coarctation of the aorta?
Narrowing of the aorta inferior to the ductus arteriosus
What collateral circulation develops to supply lower structures in postductal coarctation of the aorta?
Anterior intercostal branches of the internal thoracic artery and posterior intercostal branches of the aorta
Superior epigastric artery and inferior epigastric artery
What is rib-notching?
Wearing away of rib in the location of the intercostal arteries due to increased blood flow resulting from postductal coarctation of the aorta
What is preductal coarctation?
Narrowing of the aorta superior to ductus arteriosus
Ductus arteriosus remains patent to supply the aorta with blood
What is patent ductus arteriosus?
Failure of closure of the DA
Results in blood shunting of blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
Treated with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors to promote closure
What is an abnormal right subclavian artery?
Branch of the aortic arch and passes posterior to the esophagus
Can result in kinking of the esophagus and dysphagia, but not usually clinically significant
What is a double aortic arch?
Abnormal right aortic arch that develops in addition to the normal arch, forms ring around trachea and esophagus
Due to persistence of distal part of right dorsal aorta
What is a right aortic arch?
Can pass anterior or posterior to the esophagus and trachea (if posterior, can result in difficulties breathing or swallowing)
Due to persistence of entire right dorsal aorta and degeneration of the left dorsal aorta
What do the right and left vitelline veins form?
Hepatic sinusoids, ductus venosus
Right vitelline vein enlarges to form part of the inferior vena cava and hepatic portal system
What do the vitelline veins drain?
Primitive gut
What is the fate of the umbilical veins?
Right degenerates
Left drains into the hepatic sinusoids and the inferior vena cava via the ductus venosus
Postnatally the left umbilical vein forms the ligamentum teres hepatis
