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SF III Test 1 > ECG III > Flashcards

ECG III Flashcards

1
Q

What is sinus bradycardia and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Slowing of normal heart rhythm <60 bpm

Normal P wave and QRS complex

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2
Q

What is a junctional escape rhythm and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Junctional escape beats arise from AV node or His bundle

No P wave (impluse originates below atria)

Normal QRS

Slower rate (40-60bpm)

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3
Q

What is a ventricular escape rhythm and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Ventricles are depolarized from a more distal point in the conduction system

Widened QRS, no P wave

Slow rate (15-40 bpm)

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4
Q

What is First-degree AV block and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Benign, asymptomatic AV conduction block

Lengthened PR interval (>0.2 seconds)

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5
Q

What is Second-degree AV block: Mobitz type I and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Benign AV block

Progressive increase in the PR interval until a single QRS is absent, after which the PR interval shortens to its initial length and the cycle starts over

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6
Q

What is Second-degree AV block Mobitz type II and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Conduction block beyond the AV node

Sudden intermittent loss of AV conduction without preceding gradual lengthening of the PR interval

QRS often widened

Indicates severe disease

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7
Q

What is Third-degree heart block and what is its ECG presentation??

A

Complete failure of conduction between the atria and ventricles

No relationship between the P waves and QRS complexes

QRS may be widened (distal escape) or normal (AV node escape) depending on where the escape rhythm is being generated

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8
Q

What is sinus tachycardia and what is its ECG presentation?

A

SA node discharge rate >100 bpm

Normal P waves and QRS complexes

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9
Q

What is an atrial premature beat and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Beats originate from an atrial focus outside the SA node

Earlier than expected P wave with an abnormal shape
QRS is normal

Asymptomatic, but may cause palpitations

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10
Q

What is atrial flutter and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Rapid, regular atrial activity at a rate of 180 to 350 bpm

Usually two or more atrial beats per ventricular beat because they reach the AV node during its refractory period

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11
Q

What is atrial fibrillation and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Chaotic rhythm with very fast atrial rate (350-600)

No P waves or only a fine, high frequency, very low voltage wavy record

QRS-T normal, except for some irregular timing

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12
Q

What are paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVT)?

A

Type of sudden onset supraventricular tachycardias that often involve reentry at the AV node, atrium, or accessory pathway

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13
Q

What is atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Most common form of PSVT in adults

P waves may not be apparent (hidden or retrograde) because they’re inscribed at the same time as QRS

tachycardic rhythm

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14
Q

What is Ventricular Pre-excitation Syndrome and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Aka Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Atrial impulses conduct through the accessory pathway and AV node, causing early stimulation of the ventricles

Short PR interval (<0.12 sec)

QRS has as slurred rather than sharp upstrok (delta wave)

Widened QRS

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15
Q

What two types of PSVTs are common in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Orthodromic AVRT - no delta, retrograde P wave

Antidromic AVRT - Widened QRS with retrograde P wave

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16
Q

What are ventricular premature beats and what is its ECG presentation?

A

An ectopic ventricular focus fires an action potential

Widened QRS

The ectopic beat has no relation to P wave

T wave has an electrical potential polarity exactly opposite to that of the QRS

17
Q

What are the patterns of ventricular premature beats?

A

Bigeminy - every other beat

Trigeminy - two normal beats then a VPB

Couplet - two VPBs in a row

Triplets - three VPBs in a row

18
Q

What is ventricular tachycardia?

A

A series of three or more VPBs

Very wide QRS (>0.12) and occur at a rate of 100-200 bpm

Can be monomorphic or polymorphic

19
Q

What does monomorphic ventricular tachycardia indicate?

A

Structural abnormality that supports a reentry circuit

20
Q

What does polymorphic ventricular tachycardia indicate?

A

Continually changing reentry

Torsades de pointes (waxing and waning pattern)

Long QT

21
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation and what is its ECG presentation?

A

Disordered, rapid stimulation of the ventricles with no coordinated contractions, immediately life-threatening

Chaotic, irregular appearance without discrete QRS waveforms

SF III Test 1 (27 decks)

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