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Clinical Pathology > Lymphoid & Myeloid Neoplasms (15) > Flashcards

Lymphoid & Myeloid Neoplasms (15) Flashcards

1
Q

What are myeloid neoplasms?

A

neoplasms of all non-lymphoid blood cells

arise from bone marrow

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2
Q

What are lymphoid neoplasms?

A

neoplasms of lymphocyte origin, including plasma cells

  • bone marrow (leukemia, multiple myeloma)
    lymph nodes, spleen, thymus
    tissue lymphoid populations, such as GI or skin
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3
Q

What is leukemia?

A

refers to neoplastic cells in blood and/or marrow

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4
Q

True leukemias arise from ____

A

marrow

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5
Q

What are acute vs chronic leukemias?

A

acute: many blast cells in marrow

Acute myeloid leukemia: worst leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: best leukemia

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6
Q

What does a myeloperoxidase stain do?

A

determines if it’s granulocytic or not

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7
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

solid tumors that develop OUTSIDE the marrow

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8
Q

What is lymphoid leukemia?

A

refers to neoplasia in marrow and/or blood not associated with solid tumors

acute lymphoblastic leukemia
chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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9
Q

What is lymphoma with leukemia or lymphosarcoma cell leukemia?

A

not a true leukemia; develop peripherally - metastasize in blood to marrow

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10
Q

What is CD34?

A

cluster of differentiation surface marker

may help differentiate ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, +) from lymphoma with leukemia (-)

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11
Q

What are plasma cell tumors?

A

multiple myeloma
plasmacytoma

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12
Q

Multiple myeloma develops ____ marrow

A

within

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13
Q

Plasmacytoma develops _____ marrow

A

outside

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14
Q

What does PARR do?

A

when negative: inflammatory/reactive

when positive: lymphocytic populations

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15
Q

What is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?

A

neoplastic pro-lymphocytes or lymphoblasts present in bone marrow

differentiate from other blast cells using species stains and/or CD surface markers

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16
Q

ALL has a [positive/negative] PARR

A

positive

reactive have negative

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17
Q

What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

A

primarily seen in old animals

lymphocytosis involving normal-appearing lymphocytes - don’t tend to have normal characteristics of malignancy with big cells

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18
Q

With CLL, FeLV cats are normally [positive/negative]

A

negative

ALL: positive

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19
Q

What is more common with CLL?

A

T-lymphocyte type more common than B-lymphocyte type

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20
Q

What are lymphomas again?

A

solid tumors

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21
Q

What are the classifications of lymphoma? (just look over)

A
22
Q

What is lymphoma with leukemia?

A

starts with peripheral tumors

23
Q

What does this show?

A

lymphoma infiltrate in dog marrow

left: all mixed together
right: see focal aggregates of neoplastic cells

24
Q

What does canine lymphoma present as?

A

peripheral lymphadenopathy

25
Q

Describe canine lymphoma

A

multi centric, intermediate to high-grade lymphoma - 80% of cases

often present with painless peripheral lymphadenopathy

mostly Bcell lymphomas

normally don’t act ill

26
Q

What do you see in 20-40% cases of T-cell lymphoma?

A

hypercalcemia

27
Q

Describe feline lymphomas

A

cats generally ill*

superficial lymphadenopathy is UNcommon

28
Q

What are feline lymphomas before widespread vaccination?

A

mediastinal and multi centric forms
younger cats

29
Q

What are feline lymphomas after widespread vaccination?

A

ALIMENTARY form predominates (both B and T cells)

OLDER cats

mostly NEGATIVE

30
Q

T/F: FIV positive cats are 5x more likely to develop lymphoma than FIV and FeLV negative cats

A

TRUE

31
Q

What are bovine lymphoma forms?

A

enzootic form
sporadic form

32
Q

What is the enzootic form of bovine lymphoma?

A

chronic bovine leukemia virus infections
mature cattle
B cell multicentric form

BLV also causes a persistent benign lymphocytosis different than lymphoma with leukemia because it can be neoplastic or non-neoplastic

33
Q

What is the sporadic form of bovine lymphoma?

A

young cattle - multicentric calf, thyme, and skin types

not BLV associated

34
Q

What is multiple myeloma?

A

plasma cell tumor of bone marrow

monoclonal hyperglobulinemia present

Bence-Jones proteins in urine at times

plasma cell infiltrates may be found in other tissues

35
Q

What is this indicative of?

A

multiple myeloma (because of hyperglobulinemia)

36
Q

What are plasma cell tumors in cats?

A

more likely to exhibit metastasis
“myeloma-related disorder”
FeLV and FIV negative

atypical plasma cell morphology, a non-regenerative anemia, and hypocholesterolemia are common

37
Q

What are extra medullary plasma cell tumors?

A
38
Q

What are myeloid neoplasms?

A

neoplastic disorders characterized by the purposeless proliferation of nonlymphoid marrow cells

39
Q

What are examples of myeloid neoplasms - myeloproliferative disorders?

A

myelodysplastic syndromes
acute myeloid leukemias
myeloproliferative neoplasms

40
Q

What are clinical signs of myeloid neoplasms?

A

unexplained or frequent infections

pale mucous membranes - anemia

slow healing ulcerations of mucous membranes or skin

41
Q

What are blood findings of myeloid neoplasms?

A

non-regenerative anemia
nucleated erythrocytes often present
MCV increased in cats

leukocyte counts may be low, normal, or high
platelet counts are frequently decreased

42
Q

What are bone marrow findings with myeloid neoplasms?

A

usually hypercellular with increased cellularity in one or two cell lines and decreased cellularity in others

43
Q

What is this?

A

neutropenic cat with myelodysplastic syndrome

too many round cells - not normal proliferation

44
Q

What are myelodysplastic syndromes?

A

generally leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia
nonregen anemia

likely clonal neoplastic disorder

45
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome can transition to _____

A

acute myeloid leukemia (>20% blasts)

46
Q

Describe acute myeloid leukemia?

A

20% or greater blasts in bone marrow

non-regenerative anemia

leukocyte counts: may be low or normal, but more often are increased

platelets usually decreased

47
Q

Erythroleukemia is primarily in ____

A

cats

48
Q

What are myeloproliferative neoplasms - chronic myeloid neoplasms?

A

much less than 20% blasts in marrow

chronic myeloid leukemia CML

49
Q

What is CML?

A

primarily in dogs
neutrophilic leukemia
eosinophilic leukemia
basophilic leukemia

primary erythrocytosis

50
Q

Describe leukogram findings for chronic myeloid leukemia?

A

high leukocyte counts
marked neutrophilic left shift
few or no myeloblasts in blood

increased blood monocytes, eosinophils, and/or basophils may be present

51
Q

What is primary erytrhocytosis?

A
52
Q

What is essential thrombocythemia?

A

Clinical Pathology (28 decks)

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