Leukocyte Abnormalities (13) Flashcards
What leads to spuriously high leukocyte counts?
large platelets or platelet clumps
nucleated erythrocytes present
inadequate lysis of erythrocytes
What leads to spuriously low leukocyte counts?
clumped or lysed leukocytes
clot present in blood sample
What does lead toxicity in a dog result in? High or low wbcs?
nucleated erythrocytes
high
What is this?
drumstick or Barr body in neutrophils
inactivated X chromosome in females
What are these? What is the significance?
Dohle bodies
evidence of toxicity
Is this toxic or not? How do you know?
yes - foamy basophilia
right has dohle bodies
Are these toxic or not? Which species?
yes
left: toxic band
right: toxic metamyelocyte
ruminants and horses
Is this toxic or not? How do you know?
toxic
blue with dohle bodies
Are these toxic?
left one is NOT
right one is toxic - foamy basophilia and dohle bodies
What is the may-hegglin anomaly?
neutrophils with abnormal cytoplasmic inclusions, large platelets, and variable thrombocytopenia
What is the triad of may-hegglin anomaly?
neutrophil inclusions
thrombocytopenia
macroplatelets
Which breed is affected by may-hegglin anomaly?
a pug and humans
What is the neutrophil function of someone with may-hegglin anomaly? What about the bleeding tendency?
normal
NO bleeding tendency
What is the Pelger-Huet anomaly? Is the cytoplasm toxic?
hyposegmentation of granulocytes with dense nuclear chromatin
no
What breed is affected by Pelger-Huet anomaly?
australian shepherd dog
What is AML - acute myelogenous leukemia?
neoplasia of non-lymphoid cell types
more than 20% in the bone marrow
What is CML - chronic myelogenous leukemia?
neoplasm involving granulocytes
high leukocyte count with marked left shift in blood
less than 20% blasts in bone marrow
What is a result of giant neutrophils?
inflammation
dysgranulopoiesis (production of granulocytes defective)- neoplastic, non-neoplastic
lymphoma, IMT, IMHA
What is this an example of?
dysgranulopoiesis in canine bone marrow
What causes hypersegmentation of neutrophils?
endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids
old blood samples
resolving chronic infections
Hypersegmentation is a product of a [right/left] shift
right
Why do you see hypersegmented neutrophils in chronic inflammation?
produced a lot in blood but not going in tissues, therefore they can hypersegment
What is karyolysis, pyknosis, and karyorrhexis?
karolysis: lysis of nucleus
pyknosis: form dense nuclear material
karyorrhexis: fragmented nuclei
What infectious agents can get in neutrophils?
What’s going on in these images?
anaplasma phagocytophilum in a neutrophil
What are sideroleukocytes?
another word for hemosiderin (which is a breakdown of heme)
denatured ferritin clumped into globs
What are lymphocytes with granules?
cytotoxic T lymphocytes
NK cells
What’s the difference between these two photos?
left: normal
right: neoplastic - cats get lymphoma with huge granules
What are reactive lymphocytes? What do they look like?
transformed lymphocytes
atypical lymphocytes
immunocytes
much darker blue cytoplasm
What is this?
a vacuolated lymphocyte
Is this normal or not?
abnormal - neoplastic
What are these two things?
left: monocyte
right: toxic band neutrophil (has Dohle bodies and blue-ish foamy cytoplasm)
What do you see in cytauxzoon felis?
intermediate schizont
merozoites
T/F: Hemosiderin only affects neutrophils
FALSE - also macrophages
What happens in erythrophagocytosis?
phagocytosed red cells
indicates immune-mediated disease
What are these?
canine eosinophils
How are greyhound eosinophils different than usual?
can be confused with toxic neutrophils
sometimes other dog breeds
What are these?
feline eosinophils
unique rod-shaped granules
What are these?
feline basophils
light lavender granules give nucleus a mothy look
