Acid-Base Disorders - End E3 Flashcards
What is osis in alkalosis and acidosis?
when you have evidence of the process
What are typical blood gas analyses?
pH
gases - pO2, pCO2
base evaluation - HCO3, base excess
electrolytes
What are other common analyses/items?
- ionized Ca (iCa), aka free Ca (fCa)
- glucose
- lactate
hematocrit - anion gap
What is pCO2?
partial pressure of CO2 in the blood
allows assessment of respiratory function via CO2 exchange
- hypercapnea
- hypocapnea
What is pO2?
partial pressure of O2 (mmHg) in blood
- useful for assessing pulmonary gas exchange
hypoexmia
hyperoxemia
collect arterial blood
What is base excess?
the amount of strong acid needed to titrate plasma of pH of 7.4
If base excess is high, we have _____
metabolic alkalosis
Base excess is considered a “pure” [metabolic/respiratory] assessment
metabolic
If base excess is low, we have _____
metabolic acidosis
Describe the levels of HCO3 and base excess in metabolic acidosis
↓ HCO3
↓ Base excess (BE)
Describe the two types of metabolic acidosis
Describe the levels of HCO3 and base excess in metabolic alkalosis
↑ HCO3
↑ Base excess (BE)
What is the CO2 level in respiratory acidosis?
↑ pCO2
What is the CO2 level in respiratory alkalosis?
↓ pCO2
What are causes of respiratory acidosis?
What are causes of respiratory alkalosis?
Primary acid/base disturbances are expected to have an ______
opposite compensatory response
Look at this acid base chart!
What is the acid-base disturbance of a 2-day-old paint filly referred after terminal c-section?
respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis compensation
What are mixed acid-base disorders?
when two or more simple acid/base disturbances is present
When do you suspect a mixed acid/base disorder?
- pH is unexpected (e.g. WRI or opposite change as expected)
- pCO2 and HCO3 are changing in opposite directions
- lack of expected compensation
What is the disturbance? Assess TCO2, Cl-, and AG. Presented with lethargy and occasional vomiting
How do you sample handle blood gas collection?
collect into heparin
ANALYZE IMMEDIATELY
What happens when a blood gas sample is exposed to air?
What happens with delayed analysis of a blood gas sample?
low pO2 (cellular metabolism continues), low pH
What heparin should you use?
green top - other one has sodium and can make excess in the sample
