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1. Haematology > Lymphoid cells and Lymphadenopathy > Flashcards

Lymphoid cells and Lymphadenopathy Flashcards

1
Q

Where does T cell maturation take place?

A

thymus

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2
Q

Where does B cell maturation take place?

A

bone marrow

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3
Q

What are primary lymphoid tissues?

A

bone marrow and thymus

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4
Q

What are secondary lympoid tissues?

A 
lymph nodes
spleen
tonsils
epithelio-lympoid tissue 
bone marrow
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5
Q

What is a normal size of a lymph node?

A

up to 25cm

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6
Q

What is the role of a lymph node?

A

collect fluid from tisseus and return it to the blood stream - filtered to the node parenchyma

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7
Q

Where do afferent vessels drain lymph to?

A

through the capsule -> peripheral sinus

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8
Q

Where do eferent vessels drain lymph to?

A

leaves the hilum and drains to the cisterna chylii, thoracic duct, L or R jugular, subclavian or bronchomediastinal trunks

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9
Q

What can cause lymphadenopathy?

A

local inflammation - TB, toxoplasma
systemic inflammation - infection (viral) or autoimmune
malignancy - haematological, metastatic
sarcoid

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10
Q

What is lymphangitis?

A

red lines extending from an inflammed region showing regional lymphadenopathy

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11
Q

What does a predominant B cell response indicate?

A

autoimmune conditions

infections

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12
Q

What does a predominant T cell response indicate?

A

viral infections

drugs - phenytoin

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13
Q

What does a predominant phagocytic response indicate?

A

draining a tumour site

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14
Q

What is the structure of the spleen?

A

parenchyma has red pulp and white pulp

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15
Q

What is the role of the red pulp of the spleen?

A

ACTS AS A FILTER FOR BLOOD
sinusoids that are fenestraited and lined by endothelial cells and supported by hoops of reticulin
rods that contain macrophages and some fibroblasts and cells in transit

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16
Q

What is the role of the white pulp in the spleen?

A

lymphoid tissue so part of the immune response
consists of periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) - CD4 and lymphoid cells
apcs in white pulp present antigens to the immune reactive cells, then T and C cell responses may occur

17
Q

What are the features of splenomegaly?

A

dragging sensation in RUQ
discomfort when eating
pain if infarction
hypersplenism

18
Q

What is the hypersplenism triad?

A

splenomegaly
fall in one or more cellular components of blood
correction of cytopenias by splenomegaly

19
Q

How is hypersplenism treated?

A

splenectomy

20
Q

What can cause hyposplenism?

A 
splenectomy
coeliac disease
sickle cell disease
sarcoidosis 
iatrogenic
21
Q

What are the features of hyposplenism?

A

reduced red pulp function:
Howell-Jolly bodies
RBC abnormalities

22
Q

How does a viral lump present?

A

tender
hard
smooth

23
Q

How does a bacterial lump present?

A

tender
hard
smooth
inflamed

24
Q

How does a lymphoma present?

A

non tender
rubbery/soft
smooth

25
Q

How does a metastatic carcinoma present?

A

non tender
hard
irregular
tethered

1. Haematology (24 decks)

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