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1. Haematology > Blood Transfusion > Flashcards

Blood Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the minimum criteria for blood transfusion?

A

50kg weight
Hb 135g/L men
Hb 125g/L women

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2
Q

How are red cells stored?

A

at 4 degrees for 5 days

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3
Q

How is FFP stored?

A

-30 degrees for 3 years

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4
Q

How are platelets stored?

A

22 degreees for 7 days with agitation

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5
Q

What chromosome are is blood type found on?

A

chromosome 9

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6
Q

What blood group genes are co dominant?

A

A and B

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7
Q

What is the role of A and B?

A

codes for transferase which modifies a precursor called H substance on red cell membranes

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8
Q

What is a blood type genotype?

A

what genes are present - AA, AB etc

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9
Q

What is a blood type phenotype?

A

what antigens are deteted - group A, group B

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10
Q

What is the universal blood?

A

O negative

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11
Q

What is Landsteiners Law?

A

when an individual lacks an A or B antigen the corresponding antibody is produced in plasma
this means that these naturally occuring antibodies cause haemolysis of a RBC expressing the other antigen

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12
Q

Which of the RhD alleles are silent?

A

d

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13
Q

What geneotype must you have to be RhD +ve?

A

Dd or DD

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14
Q

What is used for pre transfusion testing?

A

Antisera and Reagent red cells

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15
Q

What is Antisera?

A

reagent with a known antibody specificity to identify antigens present on cells

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16
Q

What is Reagent red cells?

A

red cells with known antigen specificity to identify antibodies present in plasma

17
Q

What are the indications for transfusion?

A

symptomatic anaemia <70g/L (80 if cardiac disease)

major bleeding

18
Q

What are the indications for platelet infusion?

A

aim = >10
prophylaxis in patients with bone marrow failure and low platelet counts
treatment of bleeding in thrombocytopeanic patients
prophylaxis prior to surgery/procedure in thrombocytopenic patients

19
Q

When are FFP transfusions indicated?

A

treatment of bleeding in a patient with coagulopathy
prophylaxis prior to surgery in pt with coagulopathy
management of massive haemorrhage

20
Q

What is an acute transfusion reaction?

A

chills, rigors, rash, flushing, collapse, loin pain, resp distress, fever, tachycardia, hypertension, tachypneoa

21
Q

How is an acute transfusion reaction managed?

A

stop transfusion and ABCDE

22
Q

What is an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR)?

A

ABO or RhD incompatible transfusion

results in haemolysis and complement activation

23
Q

What is a transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

A

resp distress within 6 hours of transfusion
raised BP and JVP
positive fluid balance

24
Q

What are the risk factors for TACO?

A 
elderly
cardiac failure
low albumin
renal impairment
fluid overload
25
Q

How is TACO managed?

A

supportive care

diuretics

26
Q

What is a mild transfusion reaction?

A

isolated temp rise >38 or rash

27
Q

How do you manage a mild transfusion reaction?

A

continue transfusion but give paracetamol/antihistamines

1. Haematology (24 decks)

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