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1. Haematology > Erythropoesis > Flashcards

Erythropoesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of RBCs?

A

full of Hb to carry blood
no nucleus or mitochondria
high surface area:volume ratio - allows gas exchange
flexible

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2
Q

What are the downsides to RBCs specialised features?

A

oxygen carries oxidation risk
Hb = high oncotic pressure
no nucleus so cant replace damaged proteins
no mitochondria to relys on glycolysis for energy generation

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3
Q

How does the RBC membrane keep the ion concentration correct?

A

Na/K pump

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4
Q

What is the structure of Hb?

A

tetrameric

per subgroup: 1 heme and 1 Fe 2+ iron

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5
Q

What is the composition of adult Hb (HbA)?

A

2 alpha 2 beta

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6
Q

What is the composition of foetal Hb (Hbf)?

A

2 alpha 2 gamma

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7
Q

What state must iron be in to carry oxygen?

A

Fe2+

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8
Q

Whats the function of Hb?

A

deliver oxygen to tissues when pO2 is too low
act as a buffer for H
CO2 transport

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9
Q

What type of binding do O2 and Hb exhibit?

A

allosteric - once O2 binds it makes it easier for the other 3 Hb units to bind O2

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10
Q

What type of curve does Hb and O2 binding show?

A

sigmoidal curve

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11
Q

What mediates eryhropoesis?

A

EPO - erythropoitin

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12
Q

What triggers EPO release?

A

hypoxia - sensed by the hypoxia center in the kidneys

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13
Q

What produced EPO?

A

kidneys

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14
Q

What is required for erythropoesis?

A

B12, folate, iron, EPO

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15
Q

What is the average RBC lifespan?

A

120 days

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16
Q

Where are RBCs destroyed?

A

liver and spleen

17
Q

What are globin chains broken down into?

A

amino acids

18
Q

What is heme broken down into?

A

iron and bilirubin which is taken to the liver and conjugated then excreted in bile

19
Q

What do free radicals do to Fe2+?

A

oxidise it to Fe3+ which does not transport oxygen

20
Q

Name two reactive oxygen species/free radicals?

A

superoxide and hydrogen peroxide

21
Q

How do reacive oxygen species cause damage?

A

they have unpaired electrons so damage molecules

22
Q

How are free radicals prevented from damaging oxygen?

A

Glutathione reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form water and GSSG

23
Q

What replenished Glutathione?

A

NADH

24
Q

How is NADH generated?

A

hexose monophosphate shunt

25
Q

What is the rate limiting step of the hexose monophosphate shunt?

A

G6PD

26
Q

What’re the 3 ways that CO2 travels?

A

10% dissolved in solution
30% bound to Hb as carbamino Hb
60% bicarbonate - generated by the RBC

27
Q

What are the features of myoglobin?

A

monomeric
has the highest affinity for oxygen
found in muscle tissue

28
Q

How does 2,3, BPG act in chronic anaemia?

A

elevated

1. Haematology (24 decks)

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