Haematopoesis

Question 1

What is the role of a red blood cell?

Answer 1

transport oxygen

Question 2

What is the role of a white blood cell?

Answer 2

fight infection

Question 3

What is the role of platelets?

Answer 3

prevent bleeding

Question 4

What are the sites of haematopoesis in the embryo?

Answer 4

yolk sac -> liver -> bone marrow

Question 5

What takes over haematopoesis in the 3-7th months of an embryo?

Answer 5

spleen

Question 6

What mainly provides haematopoesis at birth?

Answer 6

bone marrow

Question 7

What happens from birth to adulthood to the active haematopetic sites?

Answer 7

number of active sites in the bone marrow decreases

Question 8

Where does haematopoesis occur in adults?

Answer 8

mainly bones of the axial skeleton - skull, ribs, sternum, pelvis, proximal ends of femur

Question 9

What is haematopoesis?

Answer 9

production of blood cells

Question 10

What do blood cells develop from?

Answer 10

haematopoetic stem cells

Question 11

How does a neutrophil develop?

Answer 11

myeloblast -> promyelocyte -> metamyelocyte

Question 12

What is the pathway for erythropoiesis?

Answer 12

pronormoblast -> basophilic/early normoblast -> polychromatophillic/intermediate normoblast -> orthochromatic/late normoblast -> reticulocyte -> mature RBC/erythrocyte

Question 13

At what stage during erythropoesis leave the bone marrow?

Answer 13

reticulocyte

Question 14

How long do reticulocytes last before becoming RBCs?

Answer 14

1 day

Question 15

Do eryhrocytes/RBCs have nucelus’?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

What are the 3 types of granulocytes?

Answer 16

eosinophils
neutraphils
basophils

Question 17

What type of cell is a granulocyte?

Answer 17

white cell

Question 18

What are the characteristic features of an eosinophil?

Answer 18

bi lobes

red/orange granules

Question 19

What is the function of eosinophils?

Answer 19

fight parasitic infections

involved in hypersensitivity allergic reactions - raised in these patients

Question 20

What are the characteristic features of a neutrophil?

Answer 20

segmented nucleus

only in blood stream for 8-10 hours

Question 21

What are the functions of neutrophils?

Answer 21

target areas of inflammation and release granules causing pus liquefaction
phagocytose invaders

Question 22

What are the characteristic features of a basophil?

Answer 22

stain purple

very large

Question 23

What is the function of a basophil?

Answer 23

circulating version of the tissue mast cell
mediates hypersensitivity reactions
granules contain histamine
Fc receptors bind IgE

Question 24

What are the characteristic features of a monocyte?

Answer 24

large single nucleus

faintly staining granules

Question 25

What is the function of a monocyte?

Answer 25

circulate for a week then enter tissues and become macrophages phagocytose invaders - kill them and present antigen to lympocytes

Question 26

What are the two structures of lymphocyte?

Answer 26

mature | activated/atypical

Question 27

Describe mature lymphocytes?

Answer 27

small with a condensed nucleus and rim of cytoplasm

Question 28

Desribe activated/atypical lymphocytes?

Answer 28

large with blue cytoplasm extending round neighbouring red cells - seen in viral infections

Question 29

How are these different cell types identified?

Answer 29

immunophenotyping | bio assays