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1. Haematology > Haematopoesis > Flashcards

Haematopoesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of a red blood cell?

A

transport oxygen

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2
Q

What is the role of a white blood cell?

A

fight infection

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3
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

prevent bleeding

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4
Q

What are the sites of haematopoesis in the embryo?

A

yolk sac -> liver -> bone marrow

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5
Q

What takes over haematopoesis in the 3-7th months of an embryo?

A

spleen

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6
Q

What mainly provides haematopoesis at birth?

A

bone marrow

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7
Q

What happens from birth to adulthood to the active haematopetic sites?

A

number of active sites in the bone marrow decreases

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8
Q

Where does haematopoesis occur in adults?

A

mainly bones of the axial skeleton - skull, ribs, sternum, pelvis, proximal ends of femur

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9
Q

What is haematopoesis?

A

production of blood cells

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10
Q

What do blood cells develop from?

A

haematopoetic stem cells

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11
Q

How does a neutrophil develop?

A

myeloblast -> promyelocyte -> metamyelocyte

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12
Q

What is the pathway for erythropoiesis?

A

pronormoblast -> basophilic/early normoblast -> polychromatophillic/intermediate normoblast -> orthochromatic/late normoblast -> reticulocyte -> mature RBC/erythrocyte

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13
Q

At what stage during erythropoesis leave the bone marrow?

A

reticulocyte

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14
Q

How long do reticulocytes last before becoming RBCs?

A

1 day

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15
Q

Do eryhrocytes/RBCs have nucelus’?

A

no

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of granulocytes?

A

eosinophils
neutraphils
basophils

17
Q

What type of cell is a granulocyte?

A

white cell

18
Q

What are the characteristic features of an eosinophil?

A

bi lobes

red/orange granules

19
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

fight parasitic infections

involved in hypersensitivity allergic reactions - raised in these patients

20
Q

What are the characteristic features of a neutrophil?

A

segmented nucleus

only in blood stream for 8-10 hours

21
Q

What are the functions of neutrophils?

A

target areas of inflammation and release granules causing pus liquefaction
phagocytose invaders

22
Q

What are the characteristic features of a basophil?

A

stain purple

very large

23
Q

What is the function of a basophil?

A

circulating version of the tissue mast cell
mediates hypersensitivity reactions
granules contain histamine
Fc receptors bind IgE

24
Q

What are the characteristic features of a monocyte?

A

large single nucleus

faintly staining granules

25
Q

What is the function of a monocyte?

A

circulate for a week then enter tissues and become macrophages
phagocytose invaders - kill them and present antigen to lympocytes

26
Q

What are the two structures of lymphocyte?

A

mature

activated/atypical

27
Q

Describe mature lymphocytes?

A

small with a condensed nucleus and rim of cytoplasm

28
Q

Desribe activated/atypical lymphocytes?

A

large with blue cytoplasm extending round neighbouring red cells - seen in viral infections

29
Q

How are these different cell types identified?

A

immunophenotyping

bio assays

1. Haematology (24 decks)

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