Lymphocytes (Exam 1) Flashcards
What does HIV/AIDS induce?
lymphopenia (decrease number of lymphocytes)
What are the different sizes of lymphocytes?
small, medium, large compared to RBCs
How long do lymphocytes survive for?
years
What progenitor cell do lymphocytes come from?
common lymphoid progenitor cell
What does an elevated number of or atypical-look of lymphocytes indicate?
current viral infection
What is lymphocytosis?
increase number of lymphocytes commonly due to viral infection
What are characteristics of lymphocytes?
very large round nucleus
What are the 3 differential diagnoses for lymphocytosis? Which one is most common?
acute viral infection (common) | chronic infections | hematopoietic disorders
What are the 4 acute viral infections associated with lymphocytosis?
infectious mononucleosis (IM) | mumps | chicken pox | viral hepatitis
What is Infectious Mononucleosis?
due to virus stimulates normal lymphocyte to proliferate and end up atypical but they don’t all look the same
What are the 3 chronic infections associated with lymphocytosis? What are chronic infections usually due to?
usually due to bacterial – | syphilis | tuberculosis | brucellosis (working with cows)
What are the 2 hematopoietic disorders associated with lymphocytosis?
Lymphocytic Leukemia | Lymphomas
What is Lymphocytic Leukemia?
all lymphocytes look the same | major difference against infectious mononucleosis (IM)
What is Lymphoma?
malignancy (tumor/cancer) in the lymph nodes
What is lymphocyte proliferation at the expense of?
production of neutrophils, RBCs, and platelets
What are the 3 differential diagnoses for lymphopenia?
SLE | stress | AIDS
What is SLE (lupus)?
autoimmune disease produces anti-lymphocyte and anti-RBC antibodies | Ab binds to lymphocytes »_space;> causes lysis of lymphocytes
How can stress induce lymphopenia?
suppresses production of lymphocytes = less of it = more prone to infection
How can AIDS induce lymphopenia?
HIV affects lymphocytes »_space;> kills lymphocytes »_space;> decreases lymphocyte count
What are the 3 types of lymphocytes?
T-cells | B-cells | null (NK cells)
What are the 2 types of T-cells?
T-helper cells (T4) | Cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) (T8)
What are the 3 function(s) of T-cells?
graft rejection | immunity against all microorganisms | defense against cancers
What % of lymphocytes are T-cells?
80%
What % of lymphocytes are B-cells?
15%
What % of lymphocytes are Null-cells (NK cells)?
< %5
What do B-cells produce?
antibodies
What are the functions of NK cells (null cells)?
provide defense against cancers | attacks virally infected cells
