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Immunology > Lymphocyte Function > Flashcards

Lymphocyte Function Flashcards

1
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

antigen specific

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2
Q

how is specificity achieved

A

by antigen receptor on cell surface

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3
Q

what is the b cell receptor

A

cell surface antibody

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4
Q

what are the T cell receptor

A

t cell receptor (TCR)

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5
Q

what do both T and B cels have

A

many variants each with different specificity

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6
Q

what are cells of the same specificity

A

are a clone

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7
Q

what are immunoglobulins sun and secreted by

A

B cells

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8
Q

what must happen for Ig secreetion

A

activation by binding antigen

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9
Q

what happens when activated

A

differentiate into plasma cells

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10
Q

what si the antigen receptor on B cels

A

antibody that the b cell is programmed to make

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11
Q

what happens when an antigen binds

A

clonal expansion and differentiation

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12
Q

what are Ab encoded by

A

multiple genes segments

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13
Q

what encodes VH domains

A

V-ariable
D-iversity
J-oining
GENES

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14
Q

what encodes the VL domains

A

V-ariable
J-oining
GENES

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15
Q

what encodes constant domains

A

C-onstant

GENES

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16
Q

in a heavy chains what is there

A

V - 50 segs
D - 25 segs
J - 6 segs

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17
Q

what are he first Ab to be encoded

A

IgM then IgD

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18
Q

what is done to influence Ab diversity

A

segments aligned and intevreiennig segment spliced and lost - irreversible

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19
Q

what happens after the B cell DNA is spliced

A 
transcription 
= primary RNA 
splicing again 
=mRNA
translation 
= Chain polypeptide
20
Q

how is additional diversity added by b cell

A

into mutations into this region

21
Q

how do Kappa light chains differ from heavy chinas

A

just V and J segments

all kappa

22
Q

what is found downstream of kappa light chains

A

constant kappa region

23
Q

what do all B cells begin making

A

IgM

24
Q

what is class switching

A

memory cells produce IgG, IgA, IgE with same specificity

25
Q

what do T cell indept antigens produce

A

only small amount of IgM Ab

26
Q

what does Ab responses mostly require to help

A

T cells

27
Q

what are some characteristics fro T cell receptor

A

on t cell surface recog antigen
structurally related to Immunoglobulin
V, D, J, C genes encoding V and C regions
bind to antigenic peptide assc with MHC

28
Q

what si TCR similar to

A

Fab fragment of antibody but not identical

29
Q

what does each T cell have on its surface

A

about 30, 000 TCR

30
Q

what are the TCR polypeptide chains

A

alpha and beta chains

31
Q

what links TCR polypeptide chains

A

disulphide bonds

32
Q

what do majority T cells have

A

alpha/beta TCR

33
Q

what does the minority of T cells have

A

alternative struct similar but is gamma/delta T cells

34
Q

whats typical TCR structure

A

3D
V - alpha
V - beta
have hypevaribale loops or CDR’s

35
Q

what are the hypervraible loops repsonsisbelfor

A

detecting antigenic peptide in combination with MHC

36
Q

how does MHC class I and TCR bind

A

peptide from virally infected cell to top of MHC class I and detected by TCR

37
Q

on helmet T cells associated wth

A

CD 3

CD 4

38
Q

on cytotoxic T cells TCR assc with

A

CD 3

CD 8

39
Q

what si the TCR complex composed of

A

TCR - alpha nd beta chinas

CD 3 - gamma, epsilon and zeta chains

40
Q

what si CD 4 structure like

A

4 globular domains

41
Q

what is CD 8 structure like

A

bulb

42
Q

what des pairing of accessory molecules do

A

stabilises interaction and provides co stimulaiton

43
Q

what does t helper cels do after binding to antigen

A

cells secrete growth factors (cytokines) which control immune response
act locally

44
Q

how do cytokines coordination the response

A

t helper cells produce interferon

APC release interleukin or other growth factor

45
Q

what do cytokines do

A

control and coord immune response
favour macrophage activation and cell mediated responses
stimulate B cells to prod Ab

46
Q

what is cell mediated cytotoxicity

A

release perforins form pores in target cell
release other damaging enzymes
release cytokines

Immunology (10 decks)

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