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Immunology > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypersensitivity

A

exaggerated innaprotpriate adaptive immune response

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2
Q

what can be a result of hypersensitivity

A

inflammation and tissue damage

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3
Q

what can hylprsenstiiy be provoked by

A

many antigens

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4
Q

who will a hyper reaction occur

A

no manifest on 1st contact with Ag usually appears on the rcontact

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5
Q

what are the classes of hyper

A

1, 2, 3, 4

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6
Q

how are types 1 2 3 mediated

A

antibody

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7
Q

how is type 4 mediated

A

by T cells and macrophages

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8
Q

what is type 1 hyper

A

IgE response to innocuous enviro antigens

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9
Q

what are some examples of innocuous enviro antigens

A

pollen
dust mites
animal hair
latex

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10
Q

what doe IgE bind to

A

F(epsilon)RI on mast cells bind very tight as high affinity

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11
Q

what does the second encounter with allergen do

A

triggers release inflam mediators

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12
Q

what does type 1 produce

A

acute inflam reactions within minutes with symptoms such as asthma

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13
Q

what are some major allergens for type 1 hyper

A

house mites a

pollen - ragweed

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14
Q

what happens when allergic response release of

A

histamine
prostangladins
other mediators
leukotrienes

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15
Q

what are som treatments for type 1 hyper

A

avoidance
sodium chromoglycate
anti histamines
desnsitiitaiton

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16
Q

what is anaphltactic shock

A

severe type 1 reactions with systemic symptoms life threat

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17
Q

what are some symptoms of anaphylactic shock

A 
wheeze 
swelling of face 
laryngopharynx 
nausea 
dizziness
18
Q

how is anaphylactic shock treated

A

adrenaline immediately

19
Q

what is imp for dentist to know anaphylactic shock

A

type 1 reactions to anaesthetics can occur can create generalised anaphylaxis so always have adrenaline near

20
Q

what is type 3 hyper

A

antibody dept cytotoxic hyper

21
Q

when does type 3 occur

A

12-18 hours after Ab expo

22
Q

what causes type 3

A

IgM or IgM binds to either self antigen or foriegn causing phagocytosis kileer cell active

23
Q

what is a primary example of type 3

A

blood transfusion reaction when ABO incompatible blood is transferred

24
Q

what are some symptoms of blood tran incompatible

A 
fever 
hypotension 
nausea 
vomiting 
pain in back or chest
25
Q

what is another example of type 3

A

haemolytic disease of newborn

26
Q

what is haemolytic disease in newborn

A

when rhesus d in mother and child don’t match causing attack in future children

27
Q

what is seen with a baby who has haemolytic disease

A

swollen abdomen due to enlarged liver and spleen du to RBC destruction
elevated bilirubin
facial petechia

28
Q

when does type 3 extrinsic allergic alveoli’s occur

A

18-24 hours

29
Q

what is extrinsic allergic alveoli’s mediated by

A

persistence and depo of antibody antigen immune complexes

30
Q

what is IC clearance influenced by

A

route of Ag expo
dose Ag
size IC
binding of Ag direct to tissues

31
Q

type 4 hyper said to be

A

delayed occurs in 48-72 hour

32
Q

what are the three types of type 4

A

contact 48-72 hours
tuberculin 48-72
granulomatous 21-28 days

33
Q

what is type 4 mediated by

A

T cells and macrophages

34
Q

what are the two phases of type 4

A

sensitisation

elicitation

35
Q

what is sensitisation

A

Ag encoures dendritic cell in skin
migrates to lymph node
presents Ag to CD4+T cell

36
Q

what is elicitation

A

Ag enouctered
memory T cell triggered
inflamation

37
Q

what are some dental materials that can elect a type 4 response

A

amalgam
gold
mercury
resin based

38
Q

what si contact type 4

A

eczetamus recation POC - nickel or poison ivy

39
Q

what is tuberculin type 4

A

skin swelling develops after intradermal expo

40
Q

what is granulotamotu type 4

A

granuloma for - aggregation and prolif macrophages press for weeks

Immunology (10 decks)

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