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Immunology > Immunoglobulin Structure and Function > Flashcards

Immunoglobulin Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

what are antibodies aka

A

immunoglobulins

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2
Q

where are immunoglobulins found

A

present in plasma, tissues, secretions and lymphatics

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3
Q

what are immunoglobulins a product of

A

humoral immune system

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4
Q

what are immunoglobulins secreted by

A

activated B cells - plasma cells

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5
Q

what are the 5 classes of immunoglobulin

A

IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

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6
Q

what do immunoglobulins do

A

recognition function and trigger effector functions

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7
Q

what is antibody structure

A

y shaped

2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains

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8
Q

what are the bonds between chins in antibody

A

disulphide bridges

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9
Q

what are Fab and Fc regions

A

Fab - fragment antigen bindig regions 2 identical

Fc - fragment crystallising region

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10
Q

what si the dual function go antibodies

A

recog function binding to antigen -Fab

effector function clearance mechanisms- interaction of Fc with effector molecules

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11
Q

what are the two types of light chains

A

lambda and kappa

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12
Q

what antibody classes use these light chains

A

all classes

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13
Q

what are the light chains folded into

A

2 globular domains termed VL and CL

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14
Q

what isVL and CL

A

VL - variable light domain at n terminus

CL - constant light domain at c terminus

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15
Q

what does the heavy chain determine

A

antibody class

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16
Q

what are the classes corresponding heavy chain

A 
IgG - gamma
IgA - alpha 
IgM - knew
IgE - epsilon
IgD - omega
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17
Q

what is the heavy chain folded into

A 
4/5 constant globular domains 
VH
CH1
CH2
CH3
(CH4)
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18
Q

what are antibodies essentially

A

glycoproteins

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19
Q

if sugars are removed what does this do to the function

A

no longer functions

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20
Q

what are the types of effector molecules

A

Fc receptors and complement

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21
Q

how do antibodies recon millions antigens

A

3 hypervarible loops or CDRs in each V domain revealed by comparing sequences of diff antibodies

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22
Q

what is CDR

A

complementarity determining region

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23
Q

what do hypervaribale and CDRs form

A

antigen binding site

24
Q

what do CDRs form

A

close lying loops at one end of V domain

25
Q

what does the antigen binding site consist of

A

when 3 in Vh and 3 in Vl are paired their 6 CDRs create binding site

26
Q

what si the complementarity of antigen and bidding site

A

3d structures complementarity

27
Q

what are the allotropes of crabon

A

diamond
graphite
buckminsterfulleren

28
Q

what si the most abundant antibody in plasma

A

Ig (10mg/ml)

29
Q

what is the structure of IgG

A

y shaped
2HC 2LC
4 subclasses

30
Q

what is IgG efficient at doing

A

triggering complement and phagocytosis via Fc receptors

31
Q

what is IgG the only Ig to do

A

cross placenta from mother to foetus - protect baby

32
Q

what is the predominant antibody in secondary response

A

IgG

33
Q

where is IgM found

A

only in plasma and secretions

too large to go into tissues

34
Q

what is the structure f IgM

A

5 Y shaped units
joined by J chain and disulphide bridges
heavy chain has 5 globular domains

35
Q

how many binding sites on IgM for antigen

A

10 - good at agglutining viruses

36
Q

what is IgM efficient at

A

activating complement

37
Q

what is IgM predominant for

A

primary response

38
Q

when an infection hits what are the Ig present at primary nd secondary responses

A

primary - IgM

secondary - IgG

39
Q

what is human IgA used in

A

imp serum Ig (2-3mg/ml)

40
Q

what is the IgA major antibody in

A 
saliva
milk
colostrum 
gut
gent-urinary system
41
Q

what is th class of antibodies encountered first by many invading bacteria and viruses

A

IgA

42
Q

how many subclasses of IgA

A

2

43
Q

what are the forms IgA come in

A

monomeric (serum) and dimeric (secretory)

44
Q

how do the subclasses of IgA vary

A

IgA1 - O linked sugars and N linked

IgA2- all n linked sugars

45
Q

what are the charateristsics of IgE

A

5 domains in each heavy chain
is a monomer
deco with loads n linked sugars

46
Q

what is IgE effector function

A

interacts with recep Fc(epsilon)RI

against parcatsic infection

47
Q

what is the receptor Fc(epsilon)RI

A

high affinity recep
expressed on mast cells and basophils
assc with allergic reactions

48
Q

what is serum conc of IgD like

A

very low

49
Q

where is IgD found

A

on surface of lymphocytes

50
Q

whats función IgD

A

unclear may be involved in control antibody response

51
Q

what do Fc receptors do

A

receptors bind sp to Fc region of immunoglobulins

52
Q

what si th other effector mol

A

complement

53
Q

do Fc receptors vary

A

present on many different immune cells
macrophages
neutrophils
basophils and mast cells

54
Q

what can binding of antibody to FcR on immune cells cause

A 
phagocytosis
release activated oxygen sp and enzymes
release inflam mediators
enhance antigen presentation
clear immune complexes
55
Q

what are mediators of allergic response

A

histamine
prostaglandins
leukotrienes

Immunology (10 decks)

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