Introduction Flashcards
what si he need fro an immune system
protection against microorganisms
protection from cancer
what are some infectious organisms
bacteria - mycobac, s.cocci viruses- polio, HIV Fungi- candida protozoans- malaria worms- tapeworms
what is a way of describing the immune system
multi lead protected from variety of diseases
what is the immune systems overlapping capacity
if org invades one part the other pars kick in
how many diff viruses, bac, protozoans, worms are there
viruses - 208
bac - 538
protozoans - 57
worms - 287
what are the two major systems of immunity
innate and adaptive
work together and cooperate
what are the physical barriers of inane immunity
imperm outer surface - skin, epi
cilia in nasla passie and bronchi
what are the chemical barriers of innate immune cyst
acidity of stomach
alkaline secretions
lysosome in tears
what are some biological barriers of the innate cyst
comp with commensal organisms
what does commensal mean
harmless
what are the mechanics of the innate immune system in GI tract
most pathogens destroyed by low pH of stomach
few pathogens reach bowel compete with millions gut bacteria
what is innate immunity
first line of defence
when is innate immunity present
from birth
how does innate syst respond
rapidly
does the innate immune syst have specificity or memory
no and no
what can the innate immune system be described as
barriers, soluble factors, cells
what are some innate system barriers
low pH and commensals in vagina
flush urinary tract and acidity of urine
bronchi mucus and cilia
what are some cells involved in innate immunity
phagocytes
NK cells
eosinophils
what are some phagocytes
monocytes
macrophages
neutrophils
what are NK cells
kill tumour cells and virally infected cells
what are eosinophils
attack and kill parasites
what re the soluble factors of the innate immunity
lysosome
complement
cytokines particularly interferons
acute phase proteins
what si the cooperation of innate immunity
components of innate system act together
also coop with adaptive immunity
what is complement
complicated system
efficient way kill pathogens
what are cytokines
varied group molecules
capable of signalling between immune cells, trigger loads diff effects, inflam reaction
what is an interferon
type of cytokine
what are acute phase proteins
used conc go up when have infection markers of infection but there to help coord a response
what is adaptive immune system
slow to start - lag phase
adaptive - tailored response
is the adaptive system specific or have memory
highly sp and has memory
recon self and non-self
what are the components that work in concert with each other for adaptive system
humoral an cellular
what is humoral immunity
antibodies - IgA
sp protiens prod by immune system used ag pathogens
what produces antibodies
B lymphocytes
what is the cellular immunity of the adaptive immunity mediated by
lymphocytes which reg sp antigens
what are the types of lymphocytes
B
T
what are the types of T lymphocytes
helper T cells - prod antibodies
cytotoxic- destroy own cells which have been infected with virus
what si the difference between 1st (primary) response and 2nd
primary - slow vaccination mock
disease
secondary - rapid, alor more antibody prod
what are the pioneers of vaccination
edward jenner
pasteur
what is smallpox
acute contagious disease caused by variola virus
what s the effect of vaccination
vast decrease of cases
what are the to main roles of immune system
recognition - identify substance/body as foreign
effector function-removes foreign invader
what is an antigen
any substance which elicits an immune response
what si the portion recognised by antigen determinants
epitope or antigenic determinant
what are microorganisms made up of
many macromolecules, each may be antigenic. each macromolecule will contain many antigenic determinants
what recognise antigen determinant
antibodies - humoral
T cells - cellular
what are some types f antigen
proteins carbs nucleic acids lips drugs inorganic molecules
